Epizootic of Rift Valley fever in Zambia, 1985

Hussein, N A; Chizyuka, RZ; Tg, Ksiazek; Rm, Scott; Boulos, BA

doi:10.1136/vr.121.5.111

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…It was also associated with an isolated fatal infection in Angola in 1985 in a visitor from South Africa ostensibly exposed to mosquito bites ( 22 ). Lineage E, which was found in the Central African Republic and Zimbabwe during 1973–1978, was isolated from 2 patients referred to South Africa for treatment in 1985 after a relative had died of a similar disease in Zambia during an outbreak of RVF in livestock confirmed serologically ( 22 , 23 ). Lineage G contained isolates from the Central African Republic, Zimbabwe, Guinea, and Senegal during 1969–1986, and lineage H contained isolates from the 2009–2010 outbreak in South Africa and an apparent antecedent from Namibia in 2004.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Rift Valley Fever Virus

Grobbelaar¹,

Weyer²,

Leman³

et al. 2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

142

198

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Rift Valley Fever Virus

Grobbelaar¹,

Weyer²,

Leman³

et al. 2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

142

198

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“…Before the outbreak in Saudi Arabia, the potential for RVF to spread out of its usually recognised endemic area had already been exemplified by an epidemic in Egypt in 1977; Table I shows reported epizootics of RVF virus (RVFV) in numerous countries in Africa and the Middle East (2,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiological survey on Rift Valley fever among small ruminants and their close human contacts in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, in 2011

Am¹,

Am²,

Ah³

et al. 2014

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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This study describes a seroepidemiological survey on Rift Valley fever (RVF) among small ruminants and their close human contacts in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 500 small ruminants (126 local, 374 imported) were randomly selected from the sacrifice livestock yards of Al-Kaakiah slaughterhouse, in the holy city of Makkah, during the Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 33 (3) 2 No. 22052014-00032-EN 2/26 pilgrimage season 1432 H (4-9 November 2011). In addition, blood samples were collected from 100 local workers in close contact with the animals at the slaughterhouse. An RVF competition multi-species enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting anti-RVF virus immunoglobulin G (IgG)/immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and an RVF IgM-specific ELISA were used for serological investigations. In total, 84 (16.8%) of the 500 sacrificial sheep and goats tested seropositive in the competition ELISA but no IgM antibodies were detected in the IgM-specific assay. All seropositive samples, comprising 17.91% of the imported animals and 13.49% of the local ones, were therefore designated positive for anti-RVF virus IgG antibody. Among the local personnel working in close contact with the animals, 9% tested seropositive in the RVF competition ELISA. The study indicates that two factors may increase the likelihood of an RVF outbreak among sacrificial animals and pilgrims: i) the large-scale importation of small ruminants into Saudi Arabia from the Horn of Africa shortly before the pilgrimage season, and ii) the movement of animals within Saudi Arabia, from the RVFendemic southwestern area (Jizan region) to the Makkah region, particularly in the few weeks before the pilgrimage season. From these findings, it is recommended that i) all regulations concerning the import of animals into Saudi Arabia from Africa should be rigorously applied, particularly the RVF vaccination of all ruminants destined for export at least two weeks before exportation, and ii) the movement of animals from the RVF-endemic southwestern area (Jizan region) of Saudi Arabia to the Makkah region should be strictly prohibited.

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“…Human cases have generally followed outbreaks in livestock (Meegan, 1979). In Zambia, epidemics of this infection in cattle were reported in Central and Southern Provinces during 1974, 1978and 1985 and seem to have been associated with human deaths (Hussein et al, 1987;Morita, 1988). Serological studies on RVF in cattle gave conflicting results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalences of selected cattle diseases in the Kafue flats of Zambia

Ghirotti

Semproni

Meneghi³

et al. 1991

Vet Res Commun

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Sera from five traditionally managed herds grazing in the Kafue flats were tested for antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD), parainfluenza 3 (PI3), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR-IPV), bovine adenovirus 3 (BAV3) and Bluetongue (BT). The sero-prevalences of the first four diseases were respectively 76.2, 94.4, 42.1 and 87.4%. Five samples (2.3%) gave doubtful reactions for BT. Prevalences of 28.5% for brucellosis, 14% for Rift Valley fever (RFV), 0.9% for Q fever and 11.2% for chlamydiosis were also recorded. Significantly higher values for BVD-MD (p less than 0.005), IBR-IPV (p less than 0.01) and brucellosis (p less than 0.05) were found in animals over 1 year of age. No differences were recorded between herds or between male and female animals. The high concentration of wild and domestic ruminants grazing together in the flood plains during the dry season may be a major determinant of the high values observed. Traditional farmers, slaughterhouse workers and other people involved in livestock production are particularly at risk of contracting brucellosis and RVF because of the high prevalences in cattle and local habits favourable to their transmission.

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Epizootic of Rift Valley fever in Zambia, 1985

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Rift Valley Fever Virus

Molecular Epidemiology of Rift Valley Fever Virus

Seroepidemiological survey on Rift Valley fever among small ruminants and their close human contacts in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, in 2011

Sero-prevalences of selected cattle diseases in the Kafue flats of Zambia

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