Epizootological and epidemiological aspects for rabies in Ukraine for the period from 1999 to 2018

Kornienko, Leonid; Moroz, O. A.; Mezhenskyi, А.; Skorokhod, S. V.; Datsenko, Roman; Карпуленко, М. С.; Polupan, I. М.; Dziuba, Іa.M.; Недосеков, В. В.; Makovska, I. F.; Hibaliuk, Yu. O.; Sonko, M. P.; Tsarenko, T.; Pishchanskyi, O. V.

doi:10.31890/vttp.2019.03.14

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This was due to the poor coverage of preventive vaccination of these animals. This situation is sharply discussed in the work by Kornienko et al (2019). Indeed, vaccination plans approved at the state level were 2 or more times understated (the actual number of cats and dogs was much higher), as indicated even by foreign experts (Mahadevan et al, 2016;Hunt et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study of rabies epidemiology in Ukraine (1950-2019)

Makovska¹,

Недосеков²,

Kornienko³

et al. 2020

TAVM

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During many decades, rabies remained endemic on the territory of Ukraine. In certain historical periods, the epizootic process of rabies developed with the alternate inclusion of different species of animals as a source and a reservoir of the virus which are of great interest to many scientists. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to conduct an analysis of rabies epidemiology on the territory of Ukraine from 1950 to 2019 based on collected reliable archival data. Collected archival data have shown that over the past 70 years sources of rabies infection varied from domestic to wild carnivorous and vice versa with three major epizootic peaks. The first and the highest peak in the entire study period was recorded in 1951 (3 724 cases) and was caused by the spread of the rabies virus solely through dogs. The second peak with lower number of cases was recorded in 1979 (1 594 cases) when the dominant role in the spread of rabies virus turned to foxes. Finally, the third peak in 2007 (2 932 cases) was triggered by the combination of animals (foxes, dogs, and cats) as the source of the pathogen. Considering significant peaks and downturns and the varying degrees of involvement of domestic and wild animals in spreading of the pathogen, we have identified five historically important stages in the development of the epizootic process: the stage of «urban» or «dog» rabies (1950)(1951)(1952)(1953)(1954)(1955)(1956)(1957)(1958)(1959), relative stability (1960)(1961)(1962)(1963)(1964)(1965)(1966)(1967)(1968)(1969), «sylvatic» or «fox» rabies , relative safety (1991-1999), and expansion (2000-2019). At the stage of «urban» rabies dogs played a significant role as a source and a reservoir of the virus. In the epizootic aspect, dogs made up 54.3 % of all rabies cases, while cats and wild animals (wolves, raccoon dogs, foxes, raccoons, martens, and lynxes) -1.58 % and only 0.05 % respectively. Domestic animals (cattle, pigs, horses, goats, etc.) made up the rest 44.07 %, but they were «victims» and did not contribute to the further spread of the virus. Moreover, in 89 % of cases dogs were a source of rabies for humans. The stage of «relative stability» was marked by decline of epizootics throughout Ukraine and decrease in the number of deaths to 140 per year. «Sylvatic» or «fox» rabies stage was characterized by the involvement in the epizootic process of a new species of animals -the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). During this stage the proportion of wild animals in the total number of cases was 33.9%, cats -17.7%, and dogs -12%. In 46.5% of cases foxes were the main source of rabies for humans, while cats and dogs in 34.2% and 11.8% of cases respectively. The stage of «relative safety» was marked by the repeated prolonged decline of epizootics and the increasing role of dogs and cats in the epizootic process. The last stage of the expansion took place against the background of the increasing population size and proportion of rabies cases among domestic carnivores (up to 44.6%) and foxes (up to 36.5%), which contributed to the widest...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study of rabies epidemiology in Ukraine (1950-2019)

Makovska¹,

Недосеков²,

Kornienko³

et al. 2020

TAVM

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“…This statistic is confirmed by Kornienko et al (2019), where on the example of the analysis of national data for 2018, it was found that 253 people were bitten by vaccinated stray dogs, and 8 788 people (97.20%) were affected by unvaccinated stray dogs. If we use the data only for the Vinnytsia Oblast, 98 bites were inflicted by vaccinated stray dogs and 199 on unvaccinated stray dogs, i.e., twice as many.…”

Section: Fig 2 Sample Data On Rabies Cases Among Foxes For the 7-year Period (2012-2018) In Vinnytsia Oblastmentioning

confidence: 72%

Modelling the spread of rabies in ukraine

Makovska¹

2020

Ukrainian journal of veterinary sciences

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Due to the concern for animal and human health, efforts to develop mathema cal and computa onal models for predic ng the spa al and temporal dynamics of infec ous diseases, including rabies, are constantly increasing. Therefore, our goal was to model the dynamics of the spread of rabies by foxes, dogs, and cats on the territory of Vinnytsia Oblast in the period from 2012 to 2018. To study and analyse the dynamic spread of rabies in me and space, an informa on-analy cal technology was developed, which is based on retrospec ve data from registered cases of rabies. The rabies transmission parameter was determined using official epizootological data from the regional oblast veterinary laboratory and the regional department of the State Service of Ukraine On Food Safety and Consumer Protec on. It was found that rabies spread the most among dogs and cats at a distance of up to 50 km in the winter (26.45%), from 50 to 100 km -in the autumn (40.33%), over 100 km -in the summer (49.84%). In general, domes c carnivores were sources of rabies within a radius of 50 km in only 16.98% of cases, and within a radius of 100 km -in 55.95% of cases. Foxes were sources of rabies within a radius of 50 km in only 24.33% of cases and within a radius of 100 km in 58.54% of cases. At the same me, the highest spread of rabies among the foxes at a distance of up to 50 km was observed in the spring (31.01%), from 50 to 100 km -in the winter (43.67%), and over 100 km -in the summer (48.38%). The new data will be useful in planning and carrying out preven ve anrabies measures. In the future, it is planned to conduct the modelling in terms of all regions and create forecasts for the spread of rabies on the territory of Ukraine.

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“…But this coverage is insufficient, because of the extremely high density of pets. Various sources estimate that up to approximately 6 million dogs and 7.5 million cats are kept in Ukraine (20). The low vaccination rate is attributed to multiple factors, including the owners' poor commitment, lenient laws on cat non-vaccination and the lack of penalties for non-vaccination of household pets (26).…”

Section: Fig 3 Collection Of Domestic Carnivore Samples By Oblast In 2012-2018mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(20). According to the current official regulation "About measures to combat animal rabies" (available online at https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/z0054-94#Text, accessed May 24, 2021), cats ought to be vaccinated in the area of outbreaks, which are only limited to quarantine zones.…”

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confidence: 99%

A descriptive spatiotemporal analysis of rabies in domestic carnivores and wildlife in Ukraine in 2012-2018

Makovska¹,

Howard²,

Bezymennyi³

et al. 2021

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Ukraine leads Europe in the number of rabies cases reported in both wild and domestic animals. Endemic rabies in Ukraine poses a threat of rabies spreading into non-endemic neighbouring countries, including Poland, Slovak Republic, Hungary and Romania. This study is the first to collate and analyze rabies cases at the national level in Ukraine. Spatial and temporal analysis was performed to identify space-time clusters of rabies cases using nationally collated rabies surveillance data from 2012-2018. In the study period, 10,717 rabies cases were confirmed, with the majority in domestic carnivores (49.5%; cats: 28.5%; dogs: 21.1%) and the other primarily in foxes (34.0%). Rabies epidemic curves identified peak rabies incidence from October to December for foxes and from October to March for domestic carnivores. The kernel density of rabies for all species indicates a permanently high density in southwest Ukraine (Zakarpattia and Vinnytsia oblasts) and lower in northeast Ukraine (Poltava oblast). The highest density of rabies cases in foxes occurred in oblasts bordering European countries, while rabid domestic carnivores were concentrated near the border with the Russian Federation. The analysis identified 10 statistically significant clusters in foxes and 3 in domestic carnivores, mostly in the same high kernel density locations. Early clusters of foxes were recorded on January 3, 2012 in western Ukraine (ratio, 2.21), and early clusters of domestic carnivores on January 30, 2012 in western Ukraine as well (ratio, 6.39). These findings provide insight into the temporal patterns and distribution of rabies case clusters in wildlife and domestic carnivores in Ukraine. Our study provides policymakers with the first statistically valuable data on the hotspot regions and timing of rabies outbreaks. The analysis may contribute to improved rabies prevention and surveillance strategies by identifying regions for targeted prevention measures so that national programmes for the prevention, surveillance and control of rabies in Ukraine are executed more effectively.

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Epizootological and epidemiological aspects for rabies in Ukraine for the period from 1999 to 2018

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Retrospective study of rabies epidemiology in Ukraine (1950-2019)

Retrospective study of rabies epidemiology in Ukraine (1950-2019)

Modelling the spread of rabies in ukraine

A descriptive spatiotemporal analysis of rabies in domestic carnivores and wildlife in Ukraine in 2012-2018

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