In his chapter, Tobias Nicklas focuses on the dynamic interconnections
between what became the early Christian canon of the Holy Writings of
the Bible and the identities resulting from the history of various Christian
groups. The development of the canon was decisive for the beliefs of the
Christians and their identity, but changes in the group identities led
to changes of perspectives on the canon in various contexts. Thus, the
‘canonical process’ did not come to its end with the discontinuity of the
closure especially of the canon. As a matter of fact, other writings that do
not claim to be part of the canon, fulfil a function analogous to canonical
writings, as the reception history of several so-called apocryphal writings
and martyrdom passages imply. Building on Maurice Hallbwachs’ concepts
of ‘social memories’ (Les cadres sociaux de la mémoire), and ‘collective
memory’ (La mémoire collective), Nicklas critically analyses the relationship
between memory and martyrdom and argues that while most of the
canonical texts have been largely forgotten the landscapes of memory
which were created by these texts still exist. This argument highlights
the contestation but also the non-fixation and exclusivity of canons.