Epoxidation of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil by peroxyacids

Abstract

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil with iodine value 104 g I 2 /100 g, and containing 44.7% oleic acid and 31.4% linoleic acid, was epoxidised in situ with hydrogen peroxide (30%) and acetic/formic acid in the presence of catalytic amounts of sulphuric acid. We have compared the kinetics of epoxidation of jatropha oil (JO) by peroxyacetic and peroxyformic acids, in or without toluene at 30, 50, 70, and 85• C. The effects of temperature and various mole ratios on epoxidation rate, oxirane ring stability, and iodine value of the epoxidised oil were studied, and optimum conditions were established. The rate constants for epoxidation of JO were found to be in the range 0.22-69.4 × 10 −6 l.mol −1 .s

Development of environmentally friendly composite matrices from epoxidized cottonseed oil

“…In the field of thermosetting resins, important advances have been obtained by using vegetable oils which can be converted into epoxy resins by different epoxidation methods. [1,2] Currently some epoxidized oils are marketed industrially in large quantities such as soybean with a production of 200,000 t/year [3]. Vegetable oils with high content of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid may be used to obtain epoxy groups [4] by using several epoxidation processes.…”

“…The epoxidation of a fatty acid is a carbon-carbon double bond reaction with active oxygen, which results in the addition of an oxygen atom, which converts the original double bond into a three member ring (oxirane) [13]. The obtained epoxides may have several applications: they can be used as plasticizers for PVC [14], also as thermosetting resins for composites or as stabilizers for plastics and coatings [2].…”

Palm Oil-Based Precursors for Development of Polymeric Delivery System

“…The O-H absorption was in the range of 3200 -3600 cm -1 corresponded to the hydroxyl group of the diol (broad). The hydroxyl value of the diol produced in this work was 114.53 (refer Table 1), which might represent at least two hydroxyl functionality in the diol, refer to scheme (13) and calculated according to Equation (9), which resulted approximately 2.78 of the hydroxyl number functionality. The average MW of the diol was taken as 1361 g/mol [18].…”

“…(13)]. (13) In this work, we used 4-dodecylbenzyl sulfonic acid (DBSA) as additive to homogenize the reaction system due to the reactants of OA and glycerol is not miscible. The DBSA was selected because it can act as emulsifier and catalyst (or known as a surfactant-type catalyst) compared to other surfactants such as cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) and Esterquat [15][16][17].…”

“…The chemical reaction of epoxidation and esterification processes were applied in developing a non-toxic and cleaner reaction of the palm oil based-precursors. Epoxidation process is performed using in-situ generated peroxyacetic acid due to several advantages, such as minimum amounts of reactants are needed to prepare the epoxidising reagent and safer preparation and handling, compare using the preformed peroxyacid that had handling problems since the concentrated peroxyacid is unstable and explosive [13]. Besides, the peroxyacetic was selected due to its easy availability, low production cost and stability at high temperatures, compare to the peroxybenzoic acid, peroxyformic acid, peroxyfluoroacetic acid, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and m-nitroperoxybenzoic acid [13][14].…”