Epoxy insulated carbon fiber and carbon nanotube fiber microelectrodes

Zestos, Alexander G.; Nguyen, Michael; Poe, Brian L.; Jacobs, Christopher B.; Venton, B. Jill

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2013.03.066

Cited by 35 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In order to study neurochemical dynamics in vivo, scientists have used several bioanalytical assays such as microdialysis [6], positron emission tomography (PET) imaging [7], enzymatic biosensors [8], and carbon electrodes [9]. In comparison to the other techniques, carbon electrodes are biocompatible, have relatively high spatiotemporal resolution [10], are minimally invasive [11], and do not elicit an immune response after implantation. However, carbon fiber-microelectrodes (CFMEs) do have certain drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Yarn Microelectrodes Promote High Temporal Measurements of Serotonin Using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Mendoza

Asrat

Liu

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Carbon fiber-microelectrodes (CFMEs) have been the standard for neurotransmitter detection for over forty years. However, in recent years, there have been many advances of utilizing alternative nanomaterials for neurotransmitter detection with fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Recently, carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns have been developed as the working electrode materials for neurotransmitter sensing capabilities with fast scan cyclic voltammetry. Carbon nanotubes are ideal for neurotransmitter detection because they have higher aspect ratios enabling monoamine adsorption and lower limits of detection, faster electron transfer kinetics, and a resistance to surface fouling. Several methods to modify CFMEs with CNTs have resulted in increases in sensitivity, but have also increased noise and led to irreproducible results. In this study, we utilize commercially available CNT-yarns to make microelectrodes as enhanced neurotransmitter sensors for neurotransmitters such as serotonin. CNT-yarn microelectrodes have significantly higher sensitivities (peak oxidative currents of the cyclic voltammograms) than CFMEs and faster electron transfer kinetics as measured by peak separation (ΔEP) values. Moreover, both serotonin and dopamine are adsorption controlled to the surface of the electrode as measured by scan rate and concentration experiments. CNT yarn microelectrodes also resisted surface fouling of serotonin onto the surface of the electrode over thirty minutes and had a wave application frequency independent response to sensitivity at the surface of the electrode.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Yarn Microelectrodes Promote High Temporal Measurements of Serotonin Using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Mendoza

Asrat

Liu

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…CFEs exhibit a 200 nM limit of detection and a moderate sensitivity for DA (sensitivity dependent on the length of the exposed carbon fiber). Recent efforts have been made to improve the performance of carbon based electrodes, such as incorporation of single wall carbon nanotubes onto the CFE surface (Ross and Venton 2012; Swamy and Venton 2007; Xiao and Venton 2012), the development of carbon nanotube fibers and yarns (Jacobs et al 2014; Schmidt et al 2013; Zestos et al 2014; Zestos et al 2013), the advancement of carbon nanopipettes (Phillips et al 2003b) and the deposition of conductive polymers and coatings (Gerhardt et al 1984; Vreeland et al 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced dopamine detection sensitivity by PEDOT/graphene oxide coating on in vivo carbon fiber electrodes

Taylor

Robbins

Catt

et al. 2017

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

179

113

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Dopamine (DA) is a monoamine neurotransmitter responsible for regulating a variety of vital life functions. In vivo detection of DA poses a challenge due to the low concentration and high speed of physiological signaling. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFEs) is an effective method to monitor real-time in vivo DA signaling, however the sensitivity is somewhat limited. Electrodeposition of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/graphene oxide (GO) onto the CFE surface is shown to increase the sensitivity and lower the limit of detection for DA compared to bare CFEs. Thicker PEDOT/GO coatings demonstrate higher sensitivities for DA, but display the negative drawback of slow adsorption and electron transfer kinetics. The moderate thickness resulting from 25 s electrodeposition of PEDOT/GO produces the optimal electrode, exhibiting an 880% increase in sensitivity, a 50% decrease in limit of detection and minimally altered electrode kinetics. PEDOT/GO coated electrodes rapidly and robustly detect DA, both in solution and in the rat dorsal striatum. This increase in DA sensitivity is likely due to increasing the electrode surface area with a PEDOT/GO coating and improved adsorption of DA’s oxidation product (DA-o-quinone). Increasing DA sensitivity without compromising electrode kinetics is expected to significantly improve our understanding of the DA function in vivo.

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“…When the end of the tube is opened, it generates defect sites or edge plane sites, which promote electron transfer, causing electrocatalytic effects and enhancing adsorption of cationic neurotransmitters such as dopamine and epinephrine . CNTs can be made into electrodes in a variety of ways: they can be dip‐coated or drop‐casted onto an electrode , grown on a substrate to make an electrode , or spun as a fiber or yarn which is then fabricated into a microelectrode. CNT electrodes work best with the ends aligned and directly exposed to the solution, leading to the theory that the greatest electroactive sites are on the exposed ends .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanohorn‐modified Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes for Dopamine Detection

2018

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Carbon nanohorns (CNHs), closed cone-shaped cages of sp2-hybridized carbons, are a promising nanomaterial to improve carbon-fiber microelectrode (CFME) dues to their high specific surface area and edge planes, but few studies have tested their electrochemical properties. Here, we tested the dopamine detection at electrodeposited CNHs on CFME (CNH/CFME). The optimized concentration of CNHs in the deposition solution is 0.5 mg/mL, and the optimized electrodeposition waveform is 10 cycles of triangular waveform scanned from –1.0 V and +1.0 V at 50 mV/s. Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, the optimized CNH/CFME enhances dopamine peak current to 2.3 ± 0.2 times that of the CFME. To further increase the current, CNH/CFMEs were oxidized in NaOH (ox-CNH/CFME), which creates more defects and surface oxide groups to adsorb dopamine. The oxidative etching further increases the peak current to 3.5 ± 0.2 times of the CFME, and ox-CNH/CFME had a limit of detection of 6 ± 2 nM. The dopamine anodic current at ox-CNH/CFME was stable for 8 h of continuous scanning. The ox-CNH/CFME enhanced the anodic peak current for other cationic neurotransmitters including epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, but less enhancement was found for ascorbic acid, showing higher selectivity for cationic molecules. CNHs also decreased tissue biofouling at CFME. Thus, electrodeposited CNHs are a promising new method for increasing the surface area and current of CFMEs for dopamine detection.

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Epoxy insulated carbon fiber and carbon nanotube fiber microelectrodes

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Carbon Nanotube Yarn Microelectrodes Promote High Temporal Measurements of Serotonin Using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Carbon Nanotube Yarn Microelectrodes Promote High Temporal Measurements of Serotonin Using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Enhanced dopamine detection sensitivity by PEDOT/graphene oxide coating on in vivo carbon fiber electrodes

Carbon Nanohorn‐modified Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes for Dopamine Detection

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