Epoxy-layered silicate nanocomposites as matrix in glass fibre-reinforced composites

Kornmann, Xavier; Rees, M.; Thomann, Yi; Necola, A.; Barbezat, Michel; Thomann, R.

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.02.006

Cited by 184 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Furthermore, because nanofibrous layers are porous, they can be easily soaked in resin; therefore, they do not affect the geometry or the fiber content of composites significantly. The main benefit of using nanofibers in conventional composites is that the load transfer between the strengthening layers becomes more efficient, thus making the matrix between the layers tougher [17]. Interlaminar toughening using small-diameter fibers was first applied at the beginning of 2000s by Dzenis and Reneker [18], who produced graphite/ epoxy unidirectional pre-pregs with poly(benzimidazole) electrospun fibers.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of needleless electrospun nanofibrous interleaves on mechanical properties of carbon fabrics/epoxy laminates

Molnár¹,

Ko²,

Mészáros³

2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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The relatively easy production of polymer nanofibers by electrospinning has been the subject of many application-oriented investigations over the past few years. Most of these studies address the possibility of using such nanofibers in filtering, biomedical, sensor and clothing applications [1][2][3][4]. Because of their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, the nanofibrous materials could also be efficient reinforcing materials in polymer matrix composites. In these systems, the nanofibers can even act as the primary reinforcement (the nanofibers are the only reinforcing materials) as well as co-reinforcement (in addition to microfibers) [5]. From a mechanical properties point of view, the main problem associated with common fiber-reinforced polymer composite laminates is their weak interlaminar properties. Due to a geometry that is not absolutely planar, much free space occurs between layers of the reinforcing structures, which are filled up by the matrix material during impregnation. Thus, between the layers, the properties are determined mainly by the matrix and voids. The loads induced by shear-or out-of-plane stresses must be borne by this relatively weak matrix, 62The effect of needleless electrospun nanofibrous interleaves on mechanical properties of carbon fabrics/epoxy laminates Abstract. The effect of polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous interlaminar layers on the impact properties of unidirectional and woven carbon fabric (CF)-reinforced epoxy (EP) matrix composites was investigated. The nanofibers were produced directly on the surface of carbon fabrics by a needleless electrospinning method, and composites were then prepared by vacuum-assisted impregnation. Interlaminar shear stress tests, three-point bending, Charpy-impact and instrumented falling weight tests were carried out. The fracture surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Due to the nano-sized reinforcements, the interlaminar shear strength of the woven and unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites was enhanced by 7 and 11%, respectively. In the case of the falling weight impact tests carried out on woven reinforced composites, the nanofibers increased the absorbed energy to maximum force by 64% compared to that measured for the neat composite. The Charpy impact tests indicated that the nanofiber interleaves also led to a significant increase in the initiation and total break energies. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the presence of nanofibers can effectively increase the impact properties of composites without compromising their in-plane properties because the thickness of the composites was not altered by the presence of interleaves. The improvement of the impact properties can be explained by the good load distribution behavior of the nanofibers.

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confidence: 99%

The effect of needleless electrospun nanofibrous interleaves on mechanical properties of carbon fabrics/epoxy laminates

Molnár¹,

Ko²,

Mészáros³

2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…Ion exchange is widely practiced to modify the montmorillonite's surface to increase its compatibility with mostly hydrophobic polymers. Introduction of organic ions may decrease the Van der Waals interactions between the silicate layers and hence increase the interlamellar spacing [4]. Glass fiber is a part of reinforcing materials for reinforced plastics based on single filaments of glass ranging in diameter from 3 to 19 micrometers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water absorption of epoxy/glass fiber/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites

Chow¹

2007

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The epoxy/glass fiber/organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites were prepared by hand lay up method. In the previous work, the flexural and morphological properties of the epoxy/glass fiber/OMMT were studied. In this work, the epoxy nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and water absorption tests. The exfoliation of OMMT in epoxy/glass fiber nanocomposites was detected by XRD. DSC results showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of epoxy was increased slightly in the presence of OMMT. Water uptake of epoxy was reduced by the addition of glass fiber and OMMT. The decrease of water absorption in epoxy is attributed to the increasing of tortuosity path for water penetration in the epoxy composites by the hybrid of glass fiber and OMMT.

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“…Kornmann et al 25 showed that there is a marginal improvement of 6% in the flexural modulus of epoxy composites after dispersion of 2.0 wt% clay particles, and similar behavior was also observed by Haque et al 26 On the basis of the improvements in Young's modulus and the flexural modulus, it can be concluded that Cloisite 30B is more compatible with the epoxy matrix than Cloisite 15A; Cloisite 30B improves Young's modulus by 147% and the flexural modulus by 133%. This may be result from a maximum enhancement in the interlayer spacing of Cloisite 30B powder in comparison with Cloisite 15A, as is further supported in Table 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid epoxy nanocomposites: lightweight materials for structural applications

Srivastava

Singh

2012

Polym J

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The processing parameters, namely, clay loading, magnetic stirring time and sonication time, were optimized for the dispersion of two types of clay into an epoxy and into chopped strand mat (CSM) glass fiber-based epoxy nanocomposite laminates. A vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding setup was used to fabricate these laminates. Optimizations were performed based on improvements in Young's modulus. The intercalated and exfoliated distributions of clay in the composites were confirmed using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The transmission electron micrographs of optimized specimens showed a well-ordered intercalated structure within the epoxy. Using optimized processing conditions, three layered laminates of CSM, woven roving glass fibers or both were prepared with epoxy and clay for the preparation of new lightweight hybrid epoxy nanocomposites. The tensile, flexural and impact properties of these hybrid nanocomposites were investigated. A combination of the two types of glass fibers produced promising results. Polymer Journal (2012) 44, 334-339; doi:10.1038/pj.2011.140; published online 18 January 2012Keywords: clay; epoxy; exfoliation; hybrid epoxy nanocomposites; intercalation INTRODUCTIONEpoxies are generally used in structural applications. Epoxy-based plastics provide extraordinary mechanical properties, including good dimensional stability, minimal water absorption, and chemical and corrosion resistance. 1 Within the past two decades, nanoparticles have been utilized to enhance the mechanical properties of available plastics. 2 Enhancements have come about in the form of high-specific moduli and increased specific strength. Toyota Research Labs first introduced clay into a Nylon 6 resin for seat belts, and an improvement in the thermomechanical properties 3-5 was observed. Clays (layered silicates) are commonly used to make polymer nanocomposites; these belong to a structural family known as the 2:1 layered clays or phyllosilicates. Montmorillonite clay consists of several hundreds of individual nanoscale layers held together by electrostatic forces. It is the most commonly used layered silicate 6 clay. The clay particles exhibit high strength and stiffness along their lengths as compared with glass fibers, 7 and they have a high aspect ratio, thus providing a large surface area for contact with polymers. 8 These particles are in the form of platelets that are 0.96 nm thick and 250 nm in both length and width. 8 The homogeneous dispersion of clay into polymers is a challenging task. Previous studies suggest that three forms of structural morphologies may be obtained after dispersion of clay into a polymer, including intercalation, exfoliation and phase-separated structures. 9-14 Unidirectional glass fiber epoxy laminates are used for structural applications because of their high-specific strength

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Epoxy-layered silicate nanocomposites as matrix in glass fibre-reinforced composites

Cited by 184 publications

References 19 publications

The effect of needleless electrospun nanofibrous interleaves on mechanical properties of carbon fabrics/epoxy laminates

The effect of needleless electrospun nanofibrous interleaves on mechanical properties of carbon fabrics/epoxy laminates

Water absorption of epoxy/glass fiber/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites

Hybrid epoxy nanocomposites: lightweight materials for structural applications

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