Epoxy nanocomposites: Analysis and kinetics of cure

Ton‐That, Minh‐Tan; Ngo, Tri-Dung; Ding, Ping; Fang, Guangqiang; Cole, Kevin P.; Hoa, Suong V.

doi:10.1002/pen.20106

Cited by 62 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…= 1 [30]) and corresponding increase in reaction rate with increasing clay concentration, which has been observed previously elsewhere [20,21,31,32]. The increased reaction rate can be attributed to the catalytic activity of the ternary ammonium salt contained in the organic clay modifier on the epoxy amine reaction [33]. This effect is more pronounced with increasing oMMT content [31,32].…”

Section: Chemorheological Measurementssupporting

confidence: 57%

Effect of an organoclay on the reaction-induced phase-separation in a dynamically asymmetric epoxy/PCL system

Rotrekl¹,

Sikora²,

Kaprálková³

et al. 2013

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The addition of layered silicates can significantly affect the phase behaviour of both immiscible thermoplastic blends and partially miscible thermoset systems that undergo reaction-induced phase separation (RIPS) during curing. This study focuses on the phase behaviour of polycaprolactone (PCL)/epoxy in the presence of organically modified montmorillonite (oMMT). Due to the high dynamic asymmetry caused by the differences in the molecular weights and viscosities of the PCL and the uncured epoxy, the critical point is localised at low PCL concentrations, as indicated by the pseudophase diagram. The addition of oMMT to the system led to the marked shift of the critical point towards higher concentrations of PCL, with an increase in the oMMT content occurring as a consequence of the preferential localisation of the clay in the epoxy phase, making this phase more dynamically slow. Significant changes in morphology, including phase inversion of the PCL/epoxy systems caused by the presence of oMMT, were recorded for PCL concentrations ranging from 10 to 30%.

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Section: Chemorheological Measurementssupporting

confidence: 57%

Effect of an organoclay on the reaction-induced phase-separation in a dynamically asymmetric epoxy/PCL system

Rotrekl¹,

Sikora²,

Kaprálková³

et al. 2013

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…Polymer layered silicate (PLS) nanocomposites are of particular interest because of their demonstrated improvements, relative to an unmodified resin, which in the present case is an epoxy resin. These improvements apply to a wide range of properties, and especially mechanical properties (modulus, strength, toughness), physical properties such as the thermal expansion coefficient, barrier properties, fire resistance, ablation performance and environmental stability [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of nanostructural development in epoxy polymer layered silicate nanocomposites from the interpretation of differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric spectroscopy

2012

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a b s t r a c tThe effect of nanoclay on the non-isothermal cure kinetics of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites based upon epoxy resin is studied by calorimetric techniques (DSC and TGA) and by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) in non-isothermal cure at constant heating rate. The cure process takes place by homopolymerisation, initiated anionically using 3 wt% dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and the influence of the nanoclay content has been analysed. Interesting differences are observed between the nanocomposites with 2 wt% and 5 wt% clay content. At low heating rates, these samples vitrify and then devitrify during the cure. For the sample with 2 wt% clay, the devitrification is accompanied by a thermally initiated homopolymerisation, which can be identified by DRS but not by DSC. The effect of this is to improve the exfoliation of the nanocomposite with 2 wt% clay, as verified by transmission electron microscopy, with a corresponding increase in the glass transition temperature. These observations are interpreted in respect of the nanocomposite preparation method and the cure kinetics.

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“…The influence of the ratio on the curing mechanism (evaluated by curing activation energy) and the degree of curing completion (indicated by glass transition temperature) was quantified. The activation energy for curing was calculated from the Kissinger equation [21][22][23], (1) where T q,p is the temperature at the heat flow peak generated by a heating rate of q. E is the activation energy of the curing reaction and R is the gas constant. The activation energy was measured from the slope of vs.…”

Section: Curing and Glass Transition Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites Filled with Rubbery Copolymer Grafted SiO2

Gao

Benicewicz

et al. 2012

Polymers

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This study demonstrated a method for toughening a highly crosslinked anhydride cured DGEBA epoxy using rubbery block copolymer grafted SiO 2 nanoparticles. The particles were synthesized by a sequential reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The inner rubbery block poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) (PHMA) had a glass transition temperature below room temperature. The outer block poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) was matrix compatible. A rubbery interlayer thickness of 100% and 200% of the particle core radius was achieved by grafting a 20 kg/mol and a 40 kg/mol PHMA at a graft density of 0.7 chains/nm 2 from the SiO 2 surface. The 20 kg/mol rubbery interlayer transferred load more efficiently to the SiO 2 cores than the 40 kg/mol rubbery interlayer and maintained the epoxy modulus up to a loading of 10 vol% of the rubbery interlayer. Both systems enabled cavitation or plastic dilatation. Improvement of the strain-to-break and the tensile toughness was found in both systems. We hypothesize that plastic void growth in the matrix is the primary mechanism causing the improvement of the ductility. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2012, 4 188

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Epoxy nanocomposites: Analysis and kinetics of cure

Cited by 62 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of an organoclay on the reaction-induced phase-separation in a dynamically asymmetric epoxy/PCL system

Effect of an organoclay on the reaction-induced phase-separation in a dynamically asymmetric epoxy/PCL system

Identification of nanostructural development in epoxy polymer layered silicate nanocomposites from the interpretation of differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric spectroscopy

The Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites Filled with Rubbery Copolymer Grafted SiO2

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