Epoxy silicone based matrix materials for two-photon patterning of optical waveguides

Woods, Rachel; Feldbacher, Sonja; Langer, Gregor; Satzinger, Valentin; Schmidt, Volker; Kern, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2011.04.052

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[2][3][4][5] The soft dispersed phase of elastomer, however, provides not only an increase in the toughness (due to the ability to dissipate impact energy), but also an increase in strength under uniaxial tension and with other types of deformation, which is especially effective when thermosetting polymers are filled with elastomer. [2][3][4][5] The soft dispersed phase of elastomer, however, provides not only an increase in the toughness (due to the ability to dissipate impact energy), but also an increase in strength under uniaxial tension and with other types of deformation, which is especially effective when thermosetting polymers are filled with elastomer.…”

Section: Sem Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Charpy impact strength of epoxy resin modified with vinyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane

Vilčáková

Kutějová

Jurča

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This article deals with enhancement of the toughness of epoxy resin (ER) based on diglycidyl ether bisfenol A by either polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (VT-PDMS). To improve the compatibility of these two phases, dicumylperoxide (DCP) was used as a compatibilizer. It was established that only specific composition of the components can lead to enhancement of ER toughness without significant reduction of storage modulus, T g , and interphase adhesion. The highest impact strength was recorded for ER with VT-PDMS (10 wt %) and DCP (2 wt %) due to increased interfacial compatibility between two phases, which was proved by 1 H NMR and dielectric spectroscopy. Critical ductile brittle transition occurring between 10 and 15 wt % of rubber was observed by both morphological and dynamic mechanical analysis studies. V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl.Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45720.

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Section: Sem Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] In spite of their excellent properties, ERs have inherently low toughness and impact resistance due to their highly crosslinked structure. Epoxy adhesives essentially consist of an ER, often based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Charpy impact strength of epoxy resin modified with vinyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane

Vilčáková

Kutějová

Jurča

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…[9] Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been introduced as a flexible and very transparent carrier material for embedding waveguides in recent days by locally 2PP-curing high refractive (meth)acrylic monomers. [10,11] Additionally, PDMS is thermally stable at temperatures around 250°C, which it needs to withstand for a short time during the industrial processing of the printed circuit boards. There are still several shortcomings to tackle on the road to industrial application, be-it the decline of the refractive index due to thermal polymerization in the cladding material of the waveguides, the optical damping, elaborate pre-and postprocessing or insufficient fabrication speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-photon-induced thiol-ene polymerization as a fabrication tool for flexible optical waveguides

Kumpfmueller

Stadlmann

et al. 2013

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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In this contribution, we present two flexible thiol-ene-based hybrid materials based on epoxy and acetoxy polysiloxane matrix materials. The latter cross-linking mechanisms allow for orthogonal curing of the matrix in the presence of thiol-ene monomers enabling fast one-step access to two-photon-polymerization (2PP) curable substrates for waveguide fabrication. Another time-saving feature of our concept is the straightforward UV-flood-curing after 2PP, which is also a progress compared to previous works with elaborate postprocessing. Optimization of the ratio of thiol/ene moieties with respect to reactivity and analyses of the thermal stability of the materials, which is required for the industrial process, were carried out. Besides investigations regarding the refractive index of the materials, the proof of principle for successful waveguiding will be given. Flexible optical waveguides were successfully fabricated inside a low refractive polysiloxane matrix material.

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“…These range from Organic Modified Ceramics (ORMOCER) 2 and other sol-gel based materials 3 to special glasses 4 , (meth)acrylates 5 and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) -based materials. [6][7][8] Crucial features are the extent of local refractive index increase, low optical damping and laser writing speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They exhibit also low optical damping and excellent thermal stability. These material class has been employed for the described application in a few studies, [6][7][8][9] where (meth)acrylate monomers were cured via 2PP inside crosslinked polysiloxane matrix films giving a local refractive index change. Getting a sample, where unreacted monomer is situated in a silicone rubber, is possible by either swelling the latter or by selectively curing the silicone formulation in mixture with the monomer formulation that does not participate in the crosslinking reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Optical Interconnects via Thiol-ene Two-photon-induced Polymerization

Kumpfmueller

Stadlmann

et al. 2012

MRS Proc.

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Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is an emerging tool in the field of additive manufacturing technologies, which allows for the elegant 3D lithographic production by means of photosensitive resins. One key advantage of 2PP is the achievable feature resolution. A few tens of nanometers are currently the resolution limit for this novel technique. Fields of applications are as diverse as photonics, microfluidics and biomedicine. A challenging photonics application for 2PP are optical interconnects, where optical elements on printed circuit boards are connected with waveguides. The possibility for real 3D structuring allows for easier positioning of the cured structures and straightforward processing outperforming techniques such as 2D lithography or reactive ion etching in this regard. If mechanical flexibility of the printed circuit board is required as a property for certain niche applications, polysiloxanes are an interesting class of matrix material. This is also due to their low optical damping behavior and high temperature stability as the material has to withstand temperatures around 250°C during the manufacturing process. In this work, we present our latest approach to create polysiloxane-based waveguides via 2PP of specially tailored thiol-ene formulations. Latest improvements on the ease of processing and the local refractive index increase are shown as well as the proof of principle for waveguiding. Optical waveguides were successfully created via 2PP with writing speeds around 10 mm/min.

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Epoxy silicone based matrix materials for two-photon patterning of optical waveguides

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Enhanced Charpy impact strength of epoxy resin modified with vinyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane

Enhanced Charpy impact strength of epoxy resin modified with vinyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane

Two-photon-induced thiol-ene polymerization as a fabrication tool for flexible optical waveguides

Flexible Optical Interconnects via Thiol-ene Two-photon-induced Polymerization

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