EPS Mid-Career Award 2006: Understanding anterograde amnesia: Disconnections and hidden lesions

Aggleton, John P.

doi:10.1080/17470210802215335

Cited by 108 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 191 publications

(278 reference statements)

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“…Although some neuropsychological symptoms of diencephalic amnesia are akin to those of temporal lobe damage, and others resemble deficits characteristic of PFC dysfunctions (Van der Werf et al, 2000, 2003aAggleton, 2008), the contribution of the thalamic subregions to memory awaits further clarification. Thalamic nuclei best known to participate in memory are the anterior thalamus and the medial thalamus, including ILN and mediodorsal nuclei.…”

Section: The Ventral Midline Thalamus and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ventral Midline Thalamus (Reuniens and Rhomboid Nuclei) Contributes to the Persistence of Spatial Memory in Rats

Loureiro¹,

Cholvin²,

Lopez³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neuroscience

129

134

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The formation of enduring declarative-like memories engages a dialog between the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Electrophysiological and neuroanatomical evidence for reciprocal connections with both of these structures makes the reuniens and rhomboid nuclei (ReRh) of the thalamus a major functional link between the PFC and hippocampus. Using immediate early gene imaging (c-Fos), fiber-sparing excitotoxic lesion, and reversible inactivation in rats, we provide evidence demonstrating a contribution of the ReRh to the persistence of a spatial memory. Intact rats trained in a Morris water maze showed increased c-Fos expression (vs home cage and visible platform groups: Ͼ500%) in the ReRh when tested in a probe trial at a 25 d delay, against no change at a 5 d delay; behavioral performance was comparable at both delays. In rats subjected to excitotoxic fiber-sparing NMDA lesions circumscribed to the ReRh, we found normal acquisition of the water-maze task (vs sham-operated controls) and normal probe trial performance at the 5 d delay, but there was no evidence for memory retrieval at the 25 d delay. In rats having learned the water-maze task, lidocaine-induced inactivation of the ReRh right before the probe trial did not alter memory retrieval tested at the 5 d or 25 d delay. Together, these data suggest an implication of the ReRh in the long-term consolidation of a spatial memory at the system level. These nuclei could then be a key structure contributing to the transformation of a new hippocampal-dependent spatial memory into a remote one also depending on cortical networks.

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Section: The Ventral Midline Thalamus and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ventral Midline Thalamus (Reuniens and Rhomboid Nuclei) Contributes to the Persistence of Spatial Memory in Rats

Loureiro¹,

Cholvin²,

Lopez³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neuroscience

129

134

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“…Here, postmortem data should provide the necessary histological verification. Issues still remain, however, of whether all regions of interest had been examined in each case and whether some chronic brain dysfunctions are not revealed by standard histological means (Finger et al 2004;Aggleton 2008). This latter issue is particularly relevant to thalamic pathology, which has often been linked to cortical "diaschisis" (Baron et al 1986;Levasseur et al 1992; Van der Werf et al 2002).…”

Section: Does Selective Diencephalic Pathology Impair Recognition Memmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A persistent deficit was observed for the recall of verbal material, and recognition memory deficits were found for words but not faces when tested shortly after the stroke (Clarke et al 1994). A PET study in the same patient showed decreased glucose metabolism in the posterior cingulate cortex, consistent with anterior thalamic nuclei damage (see Aggleton 2008). In a related study, four patients with bilateral medial thalamic infarcts were tested on the Warrington RMT (Graff-Radford et al 1990).…”

Section: The Anterior Thalamic Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: A review

Aggleton¹,

Dumont²,

Warburton³

2011

Learn. Mem.

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139

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Both clinical investigations and studies with animals reveal nuclei within the diencephalon that are vital for recognition memory (the judgment of prior occurrence). This review seeks to identify these nuclei and to consider why they might be important for recognition memory. Despite the lack of clinical cases with circumscribed pathology within the diencephalon and apparent species differences, convergent evidence from a variety of sources implicates a subgroup of medial diencephalic nuclei. It is supposed that the key functional interactions of this subgroup of diencephalic nuclei are with the medial temporal lobe, the prefrontal cortex, and with cingulate regions. In addition, some of the clinical evidence most readily supports dual-process models of recognition, which assume two independent cognitive processes (recollective-based and familiarity-based) that combine to direct recognition judgments. From this array of information a "multi-effect multinuclei" model is proposed, in which the mammillary bodies and the anterior thalamic nuclei are of preeminent importance for recollective-based recognition. The medial dorsal thalamic nucleus is thought to contribute to familiarity-based recognition, but this nucleus, along with various midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, is also assumed to have broader, indirect effects upon both recollective-based and familiarity-based recognition.Clinical studies repeatedly show that diencephalic pathology can impair recognition memory. Even so, there is no agreed locus within the diencephalon responsible for this memory loss and, hence, no agreed mechanism to explain the impairment. The present review examines both clinical and animal findings, and from this information a multi-effect multi-nuclei (MEMN) model emerges to explain the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory.At the outset, it is necessary to refine the focus of this review and to define some of its principal terms. The diencephalon comprises the thalamus and hypothalamus but, as will be explained, only the more medial parts of the diencephalon will be considered in detail. Recognition memory refers to the ability to detect whether a stimulus (e.g., a word, face, picture, object, or sound) has previously been encountered. As a consequence, this review is not about item identification (sometimes also confusingly referred to as recognition). Likewise, conditions that have broad disruptive effects on cognition, e.g., dementia, will not be considered even though recognition is typically impaired. Distinctions will be made between "item recognition," where the task is to determine if an individual item is novel or familiar, and "associative recognition," where all the individual items being experienced are familiar, but their particular combination is novel. A further, distinct ability is "recency" discrimination-the ability to determine which of two familiar stimuli has been experienced more recently. Both studies of amnesia and electrophysiological recordings show how recency memory and recogniti...

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“…Given that these areas are important for successful learning and memory (Aggleton, 2008), their ability to communicate with one another via the fornix may also be critical for performance in tasks challenging these cognitive domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interindividual Variation in Fornix Microstructure and Macrostructure Is Related to Visual Discrimination Accuracy for Scenes But Not Faces

et al. 2014

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Transection of the nonhuman primate fornix has been shown to impair learning of configurations of spatial features and object-in-scene memory. Although damage to the human fornix also results in memory impairment, it is not known whether there is a preferential involvement of this white-matter tract in spatial learning, as implied by animal studies. Diffusion-weighted MR images were obtained from healthy participants who had completed versions of a task in which they made rapid same/different discriminations to two categories of highly visually similar stimuli: (1) virtual reality scene pairs; and (2) face pairs. Diffusion-MRI measures of white-matter microstructure [fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD)] and macrostructure (tissue volume fraction, f) were then extracted from the fornix of each participant, which had been reconstructed using a deterministic tractography protocol. Fornix MD and f measures correlated with scene, but not face, discrimination accuracy in both discrimination tasks. A complementary voxelwise analysis using tract-based spatial statistics suggested the crus of the fornix as a focus for this relationship. These findings extend previous reports of spatial learning impairments after fornix transection in nonhuman primates, critically highlighting the fornix as a source of interindividual variation in scene discrimination in humans.

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EPS Mid-Career Award 2006: Understanding anterograde amnesia: Disconnections and hidden lesions

Cited by 108 publications

References 191 publications

The Ventral Midline Thalamus (Reuniens and Rhomboid Nuclei) Contributes to the Persistence of Spatial Memory in Rats

The Ventral Midline Thalamus (Reuniens and Rhomboid Nuclei) Contributes to the Persistence of Spatial Memory in Rats

Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: A review

Interindividual Variation in Fornix Microstructure and Macrostructure Is Related to Visual Discrimination Accuracy for Scenes But Not Faces

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