Equal loudness contour circuit using an operational amplifier

Grimes, Jack D.; Doran, Sheri L.

doi:10.1109/tau.1970.1162104

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The loudness control aims to automatically compensate for the nonlinear behavior of the human hearing system particularly at low frequencies: the equal loudness curves of hearing are compressed at low frequencies with respect to middle and high frequencies. Without the loudness control, as the sound level is turned down, the low-frequency content in music becomes inaudible while middle and higher frequencies are still present [128][129][130][131][132]. Additionally, even when the low-frequency sounds may be heard at soft listening levels, they appear to be more quiet than higher frequencies.…”

Section: Tone Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

All About Audio Equalization: Solutions and Frontiers

Välimäki

Reiss

2016

Applied Sciences

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Audio equalization is a vast and active research area. The extent of research means that one often cannot identify the preferred technique for a particular problem. This review paper bridges those gaps, systemically providing a deep understanding of the problems and approaches in audio equalization, their relative merits and applications. Digital signal processing techniques for modifying the spectral balance in audio signals and applications of these techniques are reviewed, ranging from classic equalizers to emerging designs based on new advances in signal processing and machine learning. Emphasis is placed on putting the range of approaches within a common mathematical and conceptual framework. The application areas discussed herein are diverse, and include well-defined, solvable problems of filter design subject to constraints, as well as newly emerging challenges that touch on problems in semantics, perception and human computer interaction. Case studies are given in order to illustrate key concepts and how they are applied in practice. We also recommend preferred signal processing approaches for important audio equalization problems. Finally, we discuss current challenges and the uncharted frontiers in this field. The source code for methods discussed in this paper is made available at https://code.soundsoftware.ac.uk/projects/allaboutaudioeq.

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Section: Tone Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%