Equality for the sexes in human evolution? Early hominid sexual dimorphism and implications for mating systems and social behavior

Larsen, Clark Spencer

doi:10.1073/pnas.1633678100

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Research into brain dimorphisms in humans and primates clearly show differences between individuals in the development of social and problem solving regions of the brain (Larsen, 2003;Lindenfors, 2005;Lindenfors, Nunn & Barton, 2007;Goldstein, Seidman, Horton, Makris, Kennedy, Caviness, et al 2001;Yamasue, Abe, Suga, Yamada, Rogers, Aoki et al 2008). We propose here that to be an extreme within either the resource generation or acquisition maximization niche, one must sacrifice development in the other niche.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Are g and the General Factor of Personality (GFP) correlated?

Irwing¹,

Booth²,

Nyborg

et al. 2012

Intelligence

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Highlights:>We examined whether the General Factor of Personality is correlated with g. >The analysis used data from 4,462 Vietnam era veterans randomly sampled from five million soldiers. >Measures were the MMPI and 15 cognitive ability tests. >Two hierarchical confirmatory factor models were jointly estimated. >The correlation between the general factors at the apex was -0.23. , that is, the higher the g score the higher the score on the GFP. One possible reason for the low correlation is restriction of range in the sample. Another is that intelligence and personality are to a degree mutually exclusive strategies, the first aimed at generating resources and the second at maximizing one's share of resources.Are g and GFP correlated?

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Are g and the General Factor of Personality (GFP) correlated?

Irwing¹,

Booth²,

Nyborg

et al. 2012

Intelligence

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“…and vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops) (Alberts and Altmann 1995;Cheney and Seyfarth 1983;Pusey and Packer 1987). Like orang-utans (Larsen 2003), but unlike chimpanzees, these species are characterized by pronounced sexual dimorphism, which occurs in species with high male-male competition (Mitani et al 1996;Plavcan 2001;Plavcan and van Schaik 1997), including orang-utans (Utami and Mitra Setia 1995;Utami et al 2002). The fact that the orang-utans' extinct ancestors Khoratpithecus piriyai (7-9 Mya; Chaimanee et al 2004) and Lufengpithecus chiangmuanensis (10-14 Mya) also exhibit characteristics of strong sexual dimorphism (Chaimanee et al 2003), suggests a male-biased dispersal system for these species, and may resemble the dispersal system of early hominoids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal Patterns of Orang-utans (Pongo spp.) in a Bornean Peat-swamp Forest

et al. 2010

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Knowledge regarding dispersal patterns in great apes may help in understanding the evolution of dispersal patterns and social grouping in early hominoids, as well as in our own species. However, the social structure and dispersal system of orang-utans (Pongo spp.) remains little understood despite past research. We addressed this question by conducting genetic analyses on a wild orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) population from the Sabangau peat-swamp in Borneo. We estimated pairwise relatedness among 16 adult individuals using 19 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Mean relatedness among females was significantly higher than in males, irrespective of the relatedness estimator used, following the pattern predicted for male dispersal. Our results support field observations that average dispersal distance for females is less than for males, suggesting that female orangutans are philopatric, whereas males disperse. This contrasts with previous findings from other sites where anthropogenic influences were present. Based on qualitative mitochondrial DNA analyses, it appears that unflanged adult males show some degree of site fidelity compared to flanged males. Thus, male orang-utans may disperse permanently from their natal range once they are fully flanged. Male-biased dispersal and female philopatry in orang-utans differ from those of extant African apes and are more similar to many Old World monkey species. Hence we hypothesize that this system may represent the ancestral state of early hominoids.

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“…Many different ways to compute the SSD have been proposed in the literature [5]. An SSD value close to "0" indicates the feature is similar in males and females [6]. A positive value of SSD means that the male measurements are higher than the females.…”

Section: Sexual Size Dimorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%