Equid herpesvirus (EHV-1) live vaccine strain C147: efficacy against respiratory diseases following EHV types 1 and 4 challenges

Patel, Jay; Földi, J.; Bateman, H. R.; Williams, John M.; Didlick, S; Stark, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00358-9

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…EHV-4 causes respiratory disease predominantly in young horses with symptoms that vary in severity from subclinical to severe and include fever, lethargy, anorexia, nasal discharge, and cough (20,69,72). The immune response to EHV-4 infections remains poorly understood, which is partly caused by the lack of immunologically and/or virologically naïve natural hosts (35,64). As with other respiratory infections, mucosal antibodies and/or cell-mediated immunity may play a role in controlling EHV-4 infections (14).…”

Section: E Quine Herpesvirus Type 4 (Ehv-4) Is a Member Of The Subfammentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Herpesvirus Type 4 UL56 and UL49.5 Proteins Downregulate Cell Surface Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Expression Independently of Each Other

Said

Azab

Damiani

et al. 2012

J Virol

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Section: E Quine Herpesvirus Type 4 (Ehv-4) Is a Member Of The Subfammentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Herpesvirus Type 4 UL56 and UL49.5 Proteins Downregulate Cell Surface Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Expression Independently of Each Other

Said

Azab

Damiani

et al. 2012

J Virol

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“…Another modified live vaccine against EHV-1 produced on VERO cells had to be withdrawn from the market after being associated with post-vaccinal myeloencephalitis [51]. Recently, a temperature-sensitive mutant of an EHV-1 strain was assessed for its ability to protect horses against respiratory infection and viraemia following experimental challenge infection [76]. Several inactivated vaccines have been tested for efficacy in equine experimental models for EHV respiratory disease and abortion.…”

Section: Current Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine viral vaccines: the past, present and future

2004

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-The increasing international movement of horses combined with the relaxation of veterinary regulations has resulted in an increased incidence of equine infectious diseases. Vaccination, along with management measures, has become the primary method for the effective control of these diseases. Traditionally modified live and inactivated vaccines have been used and these vaccines have proven to be very successful in preventing disease. However, there are a number of equine infectious diseases for which conventional technology has shown its limitations. The advent of recombinant technology has stimulated the development of second generation vaccines, including gene deleted mutants, live vectored vaccines and DNA vaccines. These vaccines have in common that protective antigens are endogenously processed and presented along the molecules of the MHC I and MHC II complex, resulting in the stimulation of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses similar to natural infection. The present paper provides a review of the vaccines being employed today against the most important equine viral diseases followed by a summary of new developments that are expected to bring improved vaccines to the market in the foreseeable future.

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“…The low load and short duration of EHV-4 detection in PBL is in agreement with previous reports, showing that PBLassociated EHV-4 viremia is rare and of short duration. 5,7,12 Based on the absence of gB and LAT RNA in PBL, the virus was in a nonreplicating and nonlatent state in PBLs. Because of the short duration of detection, the low viral load, and the lack of viral replication, the use of PBL as diagnostic material to detect acute EHV-4 respiratory infection is not recommended.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in sharp contrast to EHV-1, in which high level of viremia is detectable for a prolonged period in PBLs owing to differences in cell tropism. 7,12 Genomic DNA of EHV-4 gB gene was detected in NSs of all foals on presentation. Although the viral DNA load was high in all foals, the load varied over a 10 6 -fold range.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding is in agreement with the literature stating that viral isolation is rarely successful 10 days after exposure. 12 Demonstration of replication through detection of EHV-4 RNA may be a good measure of viral replication for young horses exposed to EHV-4. Only foal 5 had evidence of active viral replication until day 21 after initial presentation, which may be associated with a high viral load.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine Herpesvirus-4 Kinetics in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Nasopharyngeal Secretions in Foals Using Quantitative Real-Time TaqMan PCR

et al. 2005

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Abstract. Based on the hypothesis that the viral load of cells infected with EHV-4 will likely change during the course of disease, TaqMan PCR was used to investigate and characterize the kinetics of EHV-4 viral DNA load (glycoprotein B gene) and transcriptional activity (glycoprotein B and latency-associated transcripts) in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and nasopharyngeal secretions (NSs) collected from 11 foals during a field outbreak of respiratory disease. The EHV-4 DNA load in PBLs was low and of short duration after onset of clinical signs. In contrast, the EHV-4 load in NSs remained high for the majority of the foals over a period of 4 weeks. Viral replication determined by detection of mRNA expression of the structural glycoprotein B was detected only in NSs during the first 7 days after onset of clinical signs for most foals. The majority of foals expressed latency-associated transcripts in NS sonly during the first 7 days after onset of clinical signs. Persistence of the expression of latency-associated transcripts in NS, as a reflection of a latent viral state, was not documented during the 28-day study period. Based on these results, it was concluded that lytic infection with EHV-4 can be diagnosed either by high EHV-4 DNA load of glycoprotein B gene or by detection of transcriptional activity of glycoprotein B.

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Equid herpesvirus (EHV-1) live vaccine strain C147: efficacy against respiratory diseases following EHV types 1 and 4 challenges

Cited by 44 publications

References 21 publications

Equine Herpesvirus Type 4 UL56 and UL49.5 Proteins Downregulate Cell Surface Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Expression Independently of Each Other

Equine Herpesvirus Type 4 UL56 and UL49.5 Proteins Downregulate Cell Surface Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Expression Independently of Each Other

Equine viral vaccines: the past, present and future

Equine Herpesvirus-4 Kinetics in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Nasopharyngeal Secretions in Foals Using Quantitative Real-Time TaqMan PCR

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