Equidad y capital humano avanzado: Análisis sobre las políticas de formación de doctorado en Chile

La evolución de la carrera académica en universidades con foco en investigación en Chile

“…In fact, the Chilean government has increased the number of scholarships, reaching up to 10,598 doctoral scholarships in 2014 (Chiappa & Muñoz, 2015), with many of these scholarships supporting overseas study. The existence of an increasing share of doctoral holders within the universities has resulted in more globalized higher education organization given that the socialized actors introduce new requirements that align with their own educational and professional experiences, as suggested by normative isomorphism (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983).…”

“…Another policy worth mentioning is the expansion of a series of post-graduate scholarship programs, which date back to 1981 with the President's Scholarship programs for studies abroad (Budget Office, 2007). The creation of the "Becas Chile" program in 2008 boosted the number of doctoral scholarships recipients, with 10,598 scholarships awarded in 2014 (Chiappa & Muñoz, 2015). This policy in particular has clearly contributed to the availability of a critical mass of research-oriented academics.…”

Perfil de egreso doctoral: una propuesta desde el análisis documental y las expectativas de los doctorandos

“…Con el fin de incentivar a los profesionales chilenos a cursar estudios doctorales, el Estado de Chile creó fondos de financiamiento para permitir el acceso a este nivel. Estas iniciativas han sido parte de una serie de políticas públicas guiadas por organismos supranacionales, como el Banco Mundial y la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), los cuales relevan el valor que posee el conocimiento y la educación en una sociedad globalizada (Chiappa y Muñoz, 2015). Estos incentivos se materializaron en una primera instancia con la Beca Presidente de la República y más tarde con el programa Becas Chile, financiamiento otorgado en función del mérito de los aspirantes, siendo requisito para su postulación estar matriculado en un programa de doctorado acreditado.…”

Intellectual endogamy in the university

“…Intellectual endogamy emerges as a meaningful issue when participants talk about their research funding and the development of social sciences and humanities in Chile. Chilean academia is a small system where scholars with a doctorate have increased threefold during the past decade (Berrios 2015;Chiappa and MuñozGarcía 2015), and issues of power regulate research and development in a manner that leaves limited space for diversity in the construction of knowledge. Gustavo and Arturo, two scholars working in Santiago, both think that the world of academia in the social sciences and humanities is very small, and that the size has an impact on research because of the absence of anonymous evaluation for applying to funding in Chile.…”

“…They are responsible for generat ing income through research grants and publications in a system over which they have no control (Morley 2016). In the case of Chile, while there is an expansion of the scholarships to promote the number of doctorates in Chile during the past decade (Chiappa and MuñozGarcía 2015), it has the lowest investment in the OECD countries (0.36 per cent of GDP) for research, devel opment and innovation (MuñozGarcía 2017).…”