Equilibrium data and process design for adsorption of disperse dyes onto Alunite

Equilibrium, thermodynamics and process design to minimize adsorbent amount for the adsorption of acid dyes onto cationic polymer-loaded bentonite

“…Batch adsorption process design can be predicted by using the adsorption isotherms [24]. A schematic diagram of a multi-stage batch adsorption system is shown in Fig.…”

“…For the adsorbent, the required adsorbent amount is directly related to the cost, which can be evaluated according to the adsorption capacity by equilibrium adsorption [24]. However, the previous studies mostly focused on the determination of adsorbent capacity, thermodynamic parameters, influences of operating parameters and so on [25][26][27][28][29].…”

“…The application of these data in adsorption process design such as batch adsorber design for pollutant removal was limited. Moreover, the limited application of optimization models was mostly based on a single-stage batch adsorber design to predict the amount of adsorbent required to remove a certain amount of pollutant from a fixed volume of wastewater [24,30,31], and gave little consideration to other process design to minimize adsorbent amount.…”

Removal of pesticide from wastewater: Contact time optimization for a two-stage batch stirred adsorber

“…In the present paper, an alternative approach has been followed, based on a transient analysis: experimental MCPA single-stage adsorption kinetics has been analyzed to optimize the contact times of the system, considering that an optimal contact time is not long enough to reach an equilibrium state [11,15,16,20,[22][23][24][25].…”

“…These papers are about the adsorption of dyes [11][12][13][14][15][16][17], Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions [18][19][20][21][22][23], arsenate [24], phosphate [25].…”