Equilibrium Passive Sampling of POP in Lipid-Rich and Lean Fish Tissue: Quality Control Using Performance Reference Compounds

Rusina, Tatsiana P.; Carlsson, Pernilla; Vrana, Branislav; Smedes, Foppe

doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b03113

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…EPS was applied by equilibrating >1 kg of fillet cubes or >0.2 kg liver tissue pieces and SSP passive samplers (S7-1), as described in S8-3. 17 After the extraction of SSP (S8-4), cleanup (S8-5), and instrumental analysis (S8-6), the equilibrium HOC concentrations in SSP were converted to lipid basis (C L⇌tissue ) by multiplying with the lipid (triolein/fish oil)−polymer partition coefficient (K LP ) for SSP. For neutral lipids, these K LP values are not lipid-specific and are available for PCB, PeCB, HCB, and DDx.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPS provides data equivalent to C L in fish fillet measured after classical solvent extraction. 16,17 Note that C L⇌water or C L⇌sediment should not be understood as a direct prediction of internal HOC concentration in aquatic organisms but rather as the thermodynamic HOC level in the monitored habitat the fish is exposed to. The thermodynamic level of persistent HOCs, expressed as C L , is often observed to increase from primary producers, through primary consumers, toward predators, and a log-linear relationship with the TL can be fit to these observations 5…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling the Relationship between the Concentrations of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Freshwater Fish of Different Trophic Levels and Water Using Passive Sampling

Smedes

Sobotka

Rusina

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The concentrations of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in aquatic biota are used for compliance, as well as time and spatial trend monitoring in the aqueous environment (European Union water framework directive, OSPAR). Because of trophic magnification in the food chain, the thermodynamic levels of HOCs, for example, polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and brominated diphenyl ether congeners, in higher trophic level (TL) organisms are expected to be strongly elevated above those in water. This work compares lipid-based concentrations at equilibrium with the water phase derived from aqueous passive sampling (C L⇌water) with the lipid-based concentrations in fillet and liver of fish (C L) at different TLs for three water bodies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The C L values of HOCs in fish were near C L⇌water, only after trophic magnification up to TL = 4. For fish at lower TL, C L progressively decreased relative to C L⇌water as K OW of HOCs increased above 106. The C L value decreasing toward the bottom of the food chain suggests nonequilibrium for primary producers (algae), which is in agreement with modeling passive HOC uptake by algae. Because trophic magnification and the resulting C L in fish exhibit large natural variability, C L⇌water is a viable alternative for monitoring HOCs using fish, showing a twofold lower confidence range and requiring less samples.

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Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Relationship between the Concentrations of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Freshwater Fish of Different Trophic Levels and Water Using Passive Sampling

Smedes

Sobotka

Rusina

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…As a consequence, equilibrium is not attained within a week . This issue can be overcome by multiple manual relocations of the silicone to assure that a fresh tissue is constantly in contact with the sampler. , However, this bears the risk of sample contamination and involves time-intensive laboratory logistics. Rolling thin PDMS sheets in jars together with tissue cubes or homogenates is an alternative sampling method for lean fish tissues. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rolling thin PDMS sheets in jars together with tissue cubes or homogenates is an alternative sampling method for lean fish tissues. 27,29 PDMS extracts can be subjected without extensive cleanup to instrumental analysis 30 and bioanalytical screening 21,23,26 because only small amounts of unwanted matrices are coextracted. Especially in toxicological screening studies using cell-based in vitro bioassays, conserving the original mixture composition is important because the losses of analytes during cleanup stages cannot be corrected with recovery standards and extensive extraction and cleanup procedures might cause contamination and blank effects.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Equilibrium Passive Sampling of Organic Chemicals with Polymers in Diverse Mammalian Tissues

Baumer

Jäsch

Ulrich

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Equilibrium passive sampling employing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a sampling phase can be used for the extraction of complex mixtures of organic chemicals from lipid-rich biota. We extended the method to lean tissues and more hydrophilic chemicals by implementing a mass-balance model for partitioning between lipids, proteins, and water in tissues and by accelerating uptake kinetics with a custom-built stirrer that effectively decreased time to equilibrium to less than 8 days even for a homogenized liver tissue with an only 4% lipid content. The partition constants log K lipid/PDMS between tissues and PDMS were derived from measured concentration in PDMS and the mass-balance model and were very similar for 40 neutral chemicals with octanol–water partition constants 1.4 < log K ow < 8.7, that is, log K lipid/PDMS of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.13–1.39) for the adipose tissue, 1.16 (1.00–1.33) for the liver, and 0.58 (0.42–0.73) for the brain. This conversion factor can be applied to interpret chemical analysis and in vitro bioassays after additionally accounting for a small fraction of coextracted lipids of <0.7% of the PDMS weight. PDMS is more widely applicable for passive sampling of mammalian tissues than previously thought, both, in terms of diversity of chemicals and the range of lipid contents of tissues and, therefore, an ideal method for human biomonitoring to be combined with in vitro bioassays.

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“…The performance of passive samplers to predict concentrations of persistent contaminants in organisms other than bivalves was considered for some time as unclear (USEPA, 2012a;ICES, 2013). However, more recent studies have found good agreement between concentrations in passive equilibrium samplers (PES) and those in fish (Cerveny et al, 2016;Rusina et al, 2017). This opens the possibility of finding similar results for other organisms, allowing biota monitoring to be supplemented by PES and improving contaminant modelling and risk assessment at the higher trophic levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Organochlorine Compounds in Beached Plastics and Marine Organisms

Nunes

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Here we compare bioaccumulation factors in marine organisms to partition ratios in marine debris for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and polychlorinated biphenyls. Both organochlorines are synthetic persistent organic pollutants emitted into the environment since the beginning of the last century in approximately equal amounts. Their vast use and dispersion have resulted in approximately similar median concentrations of the two organochlorines in some pelagic organisms, namely in the liver and muscle tissue of fish. Molluscs, on the other hand, show higher median uptake of PCBs (median = 2.34 ng/g) than of DDTs (median = 1.70 ng/g), probably reflecting more localized conditions. We found that the bioaccumulation factors can be several orders of magnitude higher than the partition ratios. For instance, the median concentrations of organochlorines in the different matrices of fish, birds, and mammals are between one to four orders of magnitude higher than those found in marine debris, when lipid-normalized; or up to two orders of magnitude when measured as wet-weight. But, in molluscs, bioaccumulation/partition equals unity, which agrees with previous studies using passive samplers. Future research should focus on reducing sources of uncertainty by 1) homogenization of chemical procedures; 2) better assessment of chemical partition equilibrium between water and polymers in environmental conditions; 3) use of (multi)polymer passive samplers better aimed at mimicking uptake of specific living tissues.

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Equilibrium Passive Sampling of POP in Lipid-Rich and Lean Fish Tissue: Quality Control Using Performance Reference Compounds

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Unraveling the Relationship between the Concentrations of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Freshwater Fish of Different Trophic Levels and Water Using Passive Sampling

Unraveling the Relationship between the Concentrations of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Freshwater Fish of Different Trophic Levels and Water Using Passive Sampling

Kinetics of Equilibrium Passive Sampling of Organic Chemicals with Polymers in Diverse Mammalian Tissues

Organochlorine Compounds in Beached Plastics and Marine Organisms

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