Equilibrium solubility products of molybdenum carbide and tungsten carbide in iron

Pavlina, Erik J.; Speer, John G.; Tyne, C. J. Van

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.10.047

Cited by 67 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Molybdenum hemicarbide (Mo 2 C) belongs to a class of technologically important hard carbides, which also include the carbides of titanium, chromium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, and tungsten . Mo 2 C has high hardness, high melting point and wear resistance and, as reinforcement, has been widely applied in steel and in metal ceramics . For example, Mo 2 C can be introduced into the steel as hydrogen trapping sites to enhance the resistance to static fracture of components such as springs, bolts, and power plant items .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Mo 2 C has high hardness, high melting point and wear resistance and, as reinforcement, has been widely applied in steel and in metal ceramics. [2][3][4] For example, Mo 2 C can be introduced into the steel as hydrogen trapping sites to enhance the resistance to static fracture of components such as springs, bolts, and power plant items. 5 Mo 2 C can also be used as catalysts, in particular, Mo 2 C catalysts are very efficient in some reactions involving hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Reduction of MoO₂ Powders with CO to Produce Mo₂C

et al. 2015

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Molybdenum hemicarbide (Mo2C), which is widely applied in steel and metal ceramics as well as catalysts, was successfully synthesized by using a simple method of reducing MoO2 powders by CO. It was found that the final reduction product was all Mo2C under both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. However, the reduction mechanisms were significantly different at lower and higher temperatures: at lower temperatures (1070 to 1342 K), reduction of MoO2 to Mo2C followed a one‐step reaction (simultaneous reduction and carburization), while at higher temperatures (1423 to 1485 K), MoO2 was first reduced to metallic Mo, and then Mo was carburized to Mo2C. Mo2C particles obtained at higher temperatures contained micrometer‐sized surface features which formed during the MoO2 to Mo reduction step.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Reduction of MoO₂ Powders with CO to Produce Mo₂C

et al. 2015

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“…In order to obtain the amount of particles in different microalloyed steels, the solid solution of the relevant element is calculated by using the solid solution product formula and the ideal chemical ratio. The formulas for the solution of TiC, VC and MoC in austenite and ferrite are given by

lg {true[Ti true] \cdot true[normalC true]}_{γ} = 2.75 - 7000 / T,

lg {true[normalV true] \cdot true[normalC true]}_{γ} = 6.72 - 9500 / T,

lg {true[Mo true] \cdot true[normalC true]}_{γ} = 1.29 - 523 / T,

lg {true[Ti true] \cdot true[normalC true]}_{α} = 4.4 - 9575 / T,

lg {true[normalV true] \cdot true[normalC true]}_{α} = 4.55 - 8300 / T,

lg {true[Mo true] \cdot true[normalC true]}_{α} = 6.13 - 7583 / T,

where [ M ] ( M = Ti, V, Mo, C) is the amount of solid solution of M element in austenite and ferrite, γ is the formula of solid solubility in austenite, α is the formula of solid solubility in ferrite, and T is the solid solution temperature. Then, the volume fraction of precipitated phase in the two tested steels can be calculated as

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Vanadium on the Phase Transformation Behavior of Ti–Mo Microalloyed Ultra‐High Strength Steel

Gan

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2018

steel research int.

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Vanadium is a vital microalloying element in the precipitation hardening of hot‐rolled high strength steel. Its effects on the continuous cooling phase transformation behavior, microstructure, and properties of Ti–Mo and Ti–Mo–V microalloyed ultra‐high strength steels are studied by the thermal simulator, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and electron backscatter diffractometer (EBSD). The dynamic continuous cooling transformation curves are obtained which show that vanadium can restrain the ferrite‐pearlite and bainite transformation, refine the microstructure, and harden the steel matrix. It is also found that the strain‐induced precipitation of nano‐sized (Ti, Mo) C and (Ti, V, Mo) C particles, with NaCl type structure, exists in Ti–Mo and Ti–Mo–V steel, respectively, as identified by the HRTEM and EDS. And the lattice constants of (Ti, Mo) C and (Ti, V, Mo) C are 0.432 and 0.430 nm, respectively. The higher hardness of Ti–Mo–V steel is attributed to the grain refinement and precipitation hardening by the nano‐sized (Ti, Mo, V) C particles.

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“…The solubility of both elements in austenite is however very different. Molybdenum has a good solubility [26], whereas that of niobium is low [27]. Therefore, niobium precipitates as NbC particles at rather high temperatures.…”

Section: Increasing Hardenability and Tempering Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Gear Performance by Alloy Modification of Carburizing Steels

Tobie

Hippenstiel²,

Mohrbacher

2017

Metals

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Both the tooth root and tooth flank load carrying capacity are characteristic parameters that decisively influence gear size, as well as gearbox design. The principal requirements towards all modern gearboxes are to comply with the steadily-increasing power density and to simultaneously offer a high reliability of their components. With increasing gear size, the load stresses at greater material depth increase. Thus, the material and particularly the strength properties also at greater material depth gain more importance. The present paper initially gives an overview of the main failure modes of case carburized gears resulting from material fatigue. Furthermore, the underlying load and stress mechanisms, under particular contemplation of the gear size, will be discussed, as these considerations principally define the required material properties. Subsequently, the principles of newly developed, as well as modified alloy concepts for optimized gear steels with high load carrying capacity are presented. In the experimental work, the load carrying capacity of the tooth root and tooth flank was determined using a pulsator, as well as an FZG back-to-back test rig. The results demonstrate the suitability of these innovative alloy concepts.

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Equilibrium solubility products of molybdenum carbide and tungsten carbide in iron

Cited by 67 publications

References 24 publications

Study on Reduction of MoO₂ Powders with CO to Produce Mo₂C

Study on Reduction of MoO₂ Powders with CO to Produce Mo₂C

Effect of Vanadium on the Phase Transformation Behavior of Ti–Mo Microalloyed Ultra‐High Strength Steel

Optimizing Gear Performance by Alloy Modification of Carburizing Steels

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Equilibrium solubility products of molybdenum carbide and tungsten carbide in iron

Cited by 67 publications

References 24 publications

Study on Reduction of MoO2 Powders with CO to Produce Mo2C

Study on Reduction of MoO2 Powders with CO to Produce Mo2C

Effect of Vanadium on the Phase Transformation Behavior of Ti–Mo Microalloyed Ultra‐High Strength Steel

Optimizing Gear Performance by Alloy Modification of Carburizing Steels

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Study on Reduction of MoO₂ Powders with CO to Produce Mo₂C

Study on Reduction of MoO₂ Powders with CO to Produce Mo₂C