Equine herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) infection in thoroughbred horses in Argentina

Craig, María Isabel; Barrandeguy, M.; Férnandez, Francisco Tomás González

doi:10.1186/1746-6148-1-9

Cited by 40 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Genital MusGHV-1 reactivation rates in our Irish dataset are comparable to those previously reported in an English badger population [47]. Nevertheless, the overall badger MusGHV-1 reactivation rates of 61.8% found in this study and of 50.6% (excluding cubs) in Kent et al [47] at a near 100% prevalence in blood [49] are higher than gammaherpesvirus reactivation rates reported in other species: human EBV (22-90% seropositive rate) has been reported with viral DNA isolation from 8-28% from cervical fluids and semen samples [54]; horse EHV-5 DNA has been found in 14.7% of uterine flushing samples and 2.6% of genital swabs; horse EHV-2 (79.7% seroprevalence [55]): 1.6% from uterine flushing; 2.3% from genital swabs [25,56]; reindeer CvHV-2 DNA has been found in 24% of vaginal swabs (unspecified seroprevalence) [20]; cattle BHV-4 (96.9% seroprevalence) DNA in 48.5% of uterine swabs and 51.5% of vaginal swabs [57]. The exceptionally high prevalence of MusGHV-1 DNA in badger genital tracts further strengthens that sexual transmission may be an important route in gammaherpesvirus transmission comparable to human KSHV [58] and murine MHV-4 [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of Mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (MusGHV-1) Reactivation in European Badger (Meles meles) Genital Tracts on Reproductive Fitness

et al. 2020

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Reactivation of latent Gammaherpesvirus in the genital tract can lead to reproductive failure in domestic animals. Nevertheless, this pathophysiology has not received formal study in wild mammals. High prevalence of Mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (MusGHV-1) DNA detected in the genital tracts of European badgers (Meles meles) implies that this common pathogen may be a sexual transmitted infection. Here we used PCR to test MusGHV-1 DNA prevalence in genital swabs collected from 144 wild badgers in Ireland (71 males, 73 females) to investigate impacts on male fertility indicators (sperm abundance and testes weight) and female fecundity (current reproductive output). MusGHV-1 reactivation had a negative effect on female reproduction, but not on male fertility; however males had a higher risk of MusGHV-1 reactivation than females, especially during the late-winter mating season, and genital MusGHV-1 reactivation differed between age classes, where 3–5 year old adults had significantly lower reactivation rates than younger or older ones. Negative results in foetal tissues from MusGHV-1 positive mothers indicated that cross-placental transmission was unlikely. This study has broader implications for how wide-spread gammaherpesvirus infections could affect reproductive performance in wild Carnivora species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of Mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (MusGHV-1) Reactivation in European Badger (Meles meles) Genital Tracts on Reproductive Fitness

et al. 2020

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“…Their true pathogenic importance remains uncertain because of their frequent isolation from healthy horse populations and high seroprevalence globally [8]. However, some reports have linked these EHV strains with respiratory diseases [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection and Genetic Characteristics of Equine Herpesvirus in Korea

Seo

Ouh

Lee³

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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Respiratory diseases cause significant economic losses (especially in the horse racing industry). The present study describes the detection and genetic characteristics of equine herpesvirus (EHV) from a total of 1497 samples from clinically healthy horses in Korea, including 926 blood samples, 187 lung tissues, and 384 nasal swabs. EHV-2 and EHV-5 were detected in 386 (41.7%; 95% CI: 38.5-44.9) and 201 (21.7%; 95% CI: 19.1-24.4) blood samples, respectively, and in 25 (13.4%; 95% CI: 8.5-18.2) and 35 (18.7%; 95% CI: 13.1-24.3) lung tissues, respectively. EHV-1 and EHV-4 were not detected in either blood or lung tissues. EHV-1, EHV-2, and EHV-5 were detected in 46 (12.0%; 95% CI: 8.7-15.2), 21 (5.5%; 95% CI: 3.2-7.7), and 43 (11.2%; 95% CI: 8.0-14.4) nasal swabs, respectively. EHV-4 was not detected in nasal swabs. Co-infection with EHV-2 and EHV-5 was detected in 11.6% (107/926) of the blood samples and 6.4% (12/187) of lung tissues. In nasal swabs, co-infection with EHV-1, EHV-2, and EHV-5 was detected in 0.8% (3/384) of samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the glycoprotein B gene showed that EHV-1, EHV-2, and EHV-5 strains demonstrated significant genetic diversity in Korea, with a nucleotide sequence identity among them that ranged from 95.7% to 100% for EHV-1, 96.2-100% for EHV-2, and 93.8-99.3% for EHV-5. These results are the first phylogenetic analyses of EHV-1 in Korea in nasal swabs from a nationwide population of clinically healthy horses. Both EHV-2 and EHV-5 from blood, lung tissues, and nasal swabs were also detected.

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“…In addition, EHV1 causes abortion, neonatal foal death and myeloencephalopathy (Patel and Heldens, 2005;Lunn et al, 2009;Van Maanen et al, 2000;Studdert et al, 2003). EHV3 is responsible for coital exanthema while EHV2 and EHV5 may be associated with diseases of upper respiratory tract, inappetance, immuno-suppression, lymphadenopathy, keratoconjunctivitis, poor performance and general malaise (Craig et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and Host Strategies for Regulation of Latency and Reactivation in Equid Herpesviruses

Gulati¹,

Sharma²,

Riyesh³

et al. 2015

Asian J. of Animal and Veterinary Advances

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Nine members of the family Herpesviridae infect equines and two of them (EHV1 and EHV4) are the globally significant pathogens causing respiratory disease, abortion and more rarely paralysis. The ability of equid herpesviruses to establish lifelong latent infection in lymphoid and neural tissues with periodic reactivation and shedding is central to the maintenance of these viruses in horse populations. Over 50% of horses become latently infected after infection with EHV1 and EHV4. During latency, expression of viral genes is highly restricted with expression of few or no viral proteins. The recent scientific advances have provided insight into the mechanism of equine herpesvirus pathogenesis, including latency. The establishment of latent infection is highly coordinated process regulated by interplay of viral, host and environmental factors. In this article, we review how molecular, cellular and viral regulatory mechanisms influence the switch between latent and lytic infections.

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Equine herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) infection in thoroughbred horses in Argentina

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of Mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (MusGHV-1) Reactivation in European Badger (Meles meles) Genital Tracts on Reproductive Fitness

Effects of Mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (MusGHV-1) Reactivation in European Badger (Meles meles) Genital Tracts on Reproductive Fitness

Molecular Detection and Genetic Characteristics of Equine Herpesvirus in Korea

Viral and Host Strategies for Regulation of Latency and Reactivation in Equid Herpesviruses

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