Equine infectious anemia in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the outbreaks of equine infectious anemia (EIA) identified, between the years 2009 and 2015, in the western region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We identified 26 positive horses on 24 properties. Each positive property was considered an outbreak of the disease. The diagnoses were made using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test as a part of the sanitary checks conducted during animal transportation or certification of the horse´s sanitary status. The positive properties included farms or horse barns, and the infected animals were used for ranch work, sports, or reproduction. One outbreak was identified in animals that were being illegally transported from Argentina to Brazil. Fifteen outbreaks occurred on properties that were not registered with the Official Veterinary Service (OVS). Eleven outbreaks were identified in urban areas and 13 in rural areas. Twelve of the 24 outbreaks were diagnosed in 2015 alone, nine of which occurred in São Borja county. On two properties, a diagnosis could not be confirmed with a retest; therefore, these outbreaks were discharged. During sanitation checks on three properties, 12 additional positive animals were identified among a population of 1,108 susceptible animals. Based on these findings, we concluded that a subclinical form of the infection is present in that area, which is linked to properties that are not registered with the OVS, and that animals which are transported illegally across international borders represent a potential risk.

Phylogeography of equine infectious anemia virus

“…Phylogenetic relationships of EIAV have been previously assessed by the analysis of outbreak cases reported worldwide (Nagarajan and Simard, 2007; Cappelli et al, 2011; Capomaccio et al, 2012), mainly focused in the areas with high horse-related industry, such as Brazil (Bicout et al, 2006; Nogueira et al, 2017; Barzoni et al, 2018; Cursino et al, 2018). However, the evolutionary and spread history of EIAV is still unknown (Dorey-Robinson et al, 2019).…”

Doenças De Notificação Obrigatória De Relevância Em Equídeos No Brasil

“…Dessa forma, é possível manter propriedades livres da doença, uma vez que cavalos de haras geralmente viajam mais e são submetidos aos controles oficiais com maior frequência do que os animais de serviço (ALMEIDA et al, 2017). Barzoni et al (2018) afirmam que levantamentos sobre a real situação da prevalência de AIE no Brasil são dificultados pelo fato de que os dados levantados até então, referem-se apenas aos testes realizados naqueles animais que estão com resultado negativo para emissão da Guia de Trânsito Animal (GTA) ou em casos de levantamento para certificação de propriedades pelo órgão oficial. O fato de não existirem dados epidemiológicos dos animais utilizados para trabalho, que constituem a maior parte do plantel de equídeos brasileiro, pode ser considerado um entrave para os estudos da real situação da enfermidade.…”

Seroprevalence for equine infectious anaemia in Equidae seized in the municipality of Petrópolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2015/2018

“…Rio Grande do Sul, but others have higher levels, such as the west-central and northern regions (REBELATTO et al, 1992;ALMEIDA et al, 2006). The prevalence of EIA does not only vary depending on the region or state but also varies according to the animal's main activity and the occurrence of illegal transport (ALMEIDA et al, 2017;MORAESs et al, 2017;BARZONI et al, 2018). Due to this fact, there Cruz et al is a wide variation in the prevalence of EIA in Brazil according to the populations studied, with variations ranging from 0.43% to 46.26% (FREITAS et al, 2015;BAPTISTA et al, 2016).…”