Equine Infectious Endometritis—Clinical and Subclinical Cases

Rasmussen, Camilla Dooleweerdt; Petersen, Morten Aagaard; Bojesen, Anders Miki; Pedersen, Hanne Gervi; Lehn-Jensen, H.; Christoffersen, Mette

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2014.12.002

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Bacterial endometritis is a major problem in mares susceptible to persistent endometritis. The potentially pathogenic Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus and Escherichia coli are commonly found on mucus membranes of the lower reproductive tract, but they are also the most frequent isolated pathogens from mares with bacterial endometritis (Frontoso et al., ; Nielsen, ; Rasmussen et al., ; Riddle, LeBlanc, & Stromberg, ; Wingfield Digby & Ricketts, ). Bacteria enter the uterus from the vagina and compromised anatomical structures (vulva lips, vestibule–vaginal sphincter, cervix) will predispose the mare to bacterial endometritis (Pascoe, ) and infertility (Hemberg, Lundeheim, & Einarsson, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and fertility in the mare

Christoffersen

Troedsson

2017

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Contents A transient uterine inflammation post‐breeding is a normal physiological reaction in the mare, and it is believed that the inflammatory response is necessary to eliminate bacteria and excess spermatozoa introduced into the uterine lumen. A tight balance between multiple pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory factors is required for resolving the breeding‐induced inflammation within 24–36 hr in the reproductively healthy mare, whereas a subpopulation of mares is susceptible to development of a persistent infection that can interfere with fertility. The aetiology of persistent endometritis can be either bacterial or semen‐induced and both scenarios can threaten the establishment of pregnancy. Several factors associated with susceptibility to persistent endometritis have been identified including altered innate immune response in the early inflammatory process, reduced myometrial contractions and impaired opsonization; however, the pathogenesis to susceptibility has not been fully elucidated. Current research focuses on the initial hours of uterine inflammatory responses to semen and bacteria, and potential treatments to modify this altered innate immune response. An increased understanding of the mechanisms involved in the disease progression is necessary to improve the treatment and management of these mares. This review attempts to summarize the current knowledge of the uterine inflammatory and immunological responses to breeding‐induced endometritis, persistent breeding‐induced endometritis (PBIE) and bacterial endometritis in the mare.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and fertility in the mare

Christoffersen

Troedsson

2017

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…The inflammatory reaction that occurs after breeding is a physiological response [ 6 , 35 ]. Breeding attempts cause inflammation, and this inflammation could enhance uterine clearance [ 25 ]. The PMNs increased after breeding on day 0 in our study, which indicates that all the groups experienced endometrium inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of prostaglandin F2<sub>α</sub> administration on uterine polymorphonuclear neutrophil counts in Japanese heavy draft horses

Niikura

Tsogtgerel

Niikura³

et al. 2021

JES

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The objective of this study was to examine the effect of prostaglandin F2 α (dinoprost) and oxytocin administration on uterine polymorphonuclear neutrophil counts in the Japanese heavy draft mare. To compare polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) counts in the endometrium, a total of 162 samples were collected from 54 estruses of 47 mares (before ovulation, day 0, and day 2) using a double-guarded cytology brush. Dinoprost (PG; 5 mg) was administered intramuscularly (i.m.) only once, on day 0, whereas oxytocin (OT; 20 U i.m.) was administered three times at 12-hr intervals starting on day 0. The plasma progesterone concentrations from days 0 to 14 were not different between the non-treatment (CON), PG treatment, and OT treatment groups. The PMN counts increased in all the groups from before administration to day 0 (CON, 0.90 to 3.55; PG, 1.20 to 8.45; and OT, 0.70 to 1.70; P=0.0014, 0.0046, and 0.0073, respectively). There was a significant decrease in PMNs from day 0 to day 2 only in the PG group (P=0.0073). The pregnancy rate was not different among the CON (12/18), PG (14/18), and OT (10/18) groups. The results of this study indicate that dinoprost can reduce uterine polymorphonuclear neutrophil counts.

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“…W celu rozpoznania endometritis subclinica należy pobrać wycinek endometrium, wymaz (szczoteczką lub wymazówką) lub popłuczyny z macicy i przeprowadzić w zależności od rodzaju pobranego materiału badanie histologiczne, cytologiczne oraz mikrobiologiczne (43,51). Podkliniczne infekcyjne zapalenie błony śluzowej macicy stwierdzano aż u 1/4 potencjalnie zdrowych klaczy kierowanych do sztucznej inseminacji (49). U klaczy resorbujących zarodki odnotowano wzrost stężenia białek ostrej fazy (serum amyloid A oraz haptoglobiny), co może sugerować, że przyczyną wczesnej utraty ciąży jest endometritis subclinica (25).…”

Section: Zapalenie Błony śLuzowej Macicyunclassified

Early embryonic death in mares: The causes, diagnosis and prevention

Kozdrowski¹,

Omyła²

2020

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The aim of this study was to describe the most important causes of early embryonic death (EED) in mares, as well as diagnostic methods and possible prevention procedures. Ageing and subclinical endometritis are described and discussed in detail as the most important causes of EED in mares. EED is also discussed in relation to foaling heat breeding and the time of insemination or natural cover. Other causes of EDD discussed in the study are progesterone deficiency due to primary corpus luteum dysfunction, mare’s weight loss, chromosomal abnormality and abnormal embryonic vesicle fixation. Positive effects can be achieved through maintaining ideal body condition, diagnosis and treatment of subclinical endometritis, appropriate care of the mare in the postpartum period, avoiding mating those mares that may ovulate before the 10th day after delivery, as well as monitoring the genital tract after mating for persistent post-breeding induced endometritis. Administration of altrenogest should be reserved for those cases in which endometritis has been ruled out as the cause of EED.

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Equine Infectious Endometritis—Clinical and Subclinical Cases

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

Inflammation and fertility in the mare

Inflammation and fertility in the mare

Effect of prostaglandin F2<sub>α</sub> administration on uterine polymorphonuclear neutrophil counts in Japanese heavy draft horses

Early embryonic death in mares: The causes, diagnosis and prevention

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