Equine parvovirus‐hepatitis is detected in South America, Brazil

Moraes, Maria Vitória Dos Santos de; Salgado, Caroline Roberta Soares; Godoi, Tatianne Leme Oliveira Santos; Almeida, Fernando Queiroz de; Chalhoub, Flávia Löwen Levy; Filippis, Ana María Bispo de; Souza, Aline Moreira de; Oliveira, Jaqueline Mendes de; Figueiredo, A.

doi:10.1111/tbed.14226

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) was first reported in 2018 in liver and serum samples of a horse that died of Theiler's disease following administration of tetanus antitoxin and has been identified as the likely cause of this disease through case series and experimental infections [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. EqPV-H has a small, single-stranded DNA genome of approximately 5.3 kb and has been assigned to the species Ungulate Copiparvovirus 6 in the genus Copiparvovirus based on genome organization and genetic relatedness to other parvoviruses [1,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and pathology of equine parvovirus-hepatitis in racehorses from New York racetracks

Jager

Tomlinson

Henry

et al. 2022

Virol J

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Background Theiler’s disease, a.k.a. equine serum hepatitis, is a devastating, highly fatal disease of horses. Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) has been identified as the likely cause of this disease. While the incidence of Theiler’s disease is low, the prevalence of EqPV-H DNA in horses is high, with up to 37% in some regions, suggesting that subclinical or persistent infection is common. Methods To determine the prevalence and pathogenicity of EqPV-H infection at New York racetracks, DNA was extracted from archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissues from racehorses submitted for necropsy to the Animal Health Diagnostic Center as part of the New York State Gaming Commission-Cornell University postmortem examination program. A total of 191 liver samples from horses between 2 and 13 years old were evaluated. Extracted DNA was tested for EqPV-H using PCR and gel electrophoresis. PCR-positive samples were further assessed for tissue morphology using histology and detection of viral nucleic acid using in situ hybridization. Results Forty-two samples were PCR positive (22%). Of those, 31 samples had positive viral nucleic acid hybridization in hepatocytes with 11 samples showing positive hybridization in necrotic hepatocytes associated with inflammatory cells, indicating active hepatitis. Both individual hepatocyte necrosis and hepatitis were positively associated with EqPV-H detection (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0005, respectively). Conclusion These findings indicate that presence of EqPV-H in the liver and parvoviral-associated hepatitis are prevalent in racehorses from New York racetracks, thus warranting additional studies examining potential associations between EqPV-H infection and racehorse performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and pathology of equine parvovirus-hepatitis in racehorses from New York racetracks

Jager

Tomlinson

Henry

et al. 2022

Virol J

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“…EqPV‐H is a non‐enveloped, icosahedral, single‐stranded DNA virus with a genome size of 4–6 kb and belongs to the species Ungulate copiparvovirus 6 , in the genus Copiparvovirus of the family Parvoviridae (Divers et al., 2018; Mietzsch et al., 2019; Pénzes et al., 2020). In 2018, EqPV‐H was first reported in a dead horse with fatal serum hepatitis after inoculation of tetanus antitoxin, and subsequent investigations have demonstrated that equine biological products are important sources of TD transmission (de Moraes et al., 2021; Divers et al., 2018; Meister et al., 2019; Tomlinson, Jager, et al., 2020; J. E. Tomlinson, Van De Walle, et al., 2019; Vengust et al., 2020). However, in previous surveillance studies of healthy horse populations in the USA, China, Germany, Austria and Brazil, the prevalence range of EqPV‐H DNA was between 7.1 and 17%, and the seroprevalence range was between 15 and 34.7% (Altan et al., 2019; Badenhorst et al., 2021; Divers et al., 2018; Lu et al., 2018; Lu et al., 2020; Meister et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EqPV-H was first reported in a dead horse with fatal serum hepatitis after inoculation of tetanus antitoxin, and subsequent investigations have demonstrated that equine biological products are important sources of TD transmission (de Moraes et al, 2021;Divers et al, 2018;Tomlinson, Jager, et al, 2020;J. E. Tomlinson, Van De Walle, et al, 2019;Vengust et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

First report of equine parvovirus‐hepatitis and equine hepacivirus coinfection in horses in Korea

Yoon

Park²,

Kim³

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Equine parvovirus‐hepatitis (EqPV‐H) and equine hepacivirus (EqHV) are etiologically associated with Theiler's disease (TD), causing fulminant equine hepatitis, but the transmission route and co‐infection effect remain unclear. We determined EqPV‐H and EqHV prevalence and coinfection rate in 160 serum and 114 faecal samples using nested polymerase chain reaction. Amino acid and nucleotide analyses were performed and phylogenetic trees were constructed. By measuring liver‐specific parameters (AST, GGT, TBIL and A/G ratio), hepatopathological changes in viremia status were compared. We found a high prevalence (EqPV‐H: 10.6% in serum, 5.3% in faeces; EqHV: 8.1% in serum) and coinfection rate (35.3% in EqPV‐H) of TD‐causing agents. The newly identified EqPV‐H genomes showed high nucleotide and amino acid similarities with previously reported strains in the USA, China and Austria. In phylogenetic tree and recombination analysis, a natural recombination event was confirmed between Chinese and Korean strains. In the EqPV‐H or EqHV viremic horses, AST was significantly elevated and at least two liver‐specific parameters were outside the reference intervals in 43.5% (10/23) of horses. To our knowledge, this is the first prevalence field study of EqPV‐H and EqHV using both serum and faeces, providing further evidence of faecal‐oral transmission of TD. These epidemiologic and clinicopathologic analyses specify the risk factors of TD infection and promote disease prevention strategy.

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“…Furthermore, the positivity rate of EqPV-H DNA in the sera of healthy horses was 13.0% in the United States [1], 8.3-11.9% in China [19,20], 7.1% in Germany [9], and 8.9% in Austria [18]. The molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of EqPV-H are commonly performed using NS1-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [1,4,11,19], and previous studies have reported low genetic diversity amongst EqPV-H isolates [1,4,11,[19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Prevalence of Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis in the Sera of Clinically Healthy Horses in South Korea

Lee¹,

Park

Lee

2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) causes equine hepatitis. The prevalence of EqPV-H in healthy horses has been reported in the United States, China, Germany, and Austria. The present study determined the prevalence of EqPV-H in the sera of clinically healthy horses in South Korea to identify the potential factors for infection and examine the genetic diversity of EqPV-H DNA sequences through comparison with foreign strains. Serum samples collected from 321 horses were tested for EqPV-H using non-structural protein 1 (NS1)-specific polymerase chain reaction. The associations of EqPV-H infection with sex, age, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase levels, and race performance were analyzed. Fourteen samples tested positive for EqPV-H (4.4%, 14/321), and EqPV-H infection was associated with sex (p = 0.006) and performance (p = 0.049). In both EqPV-H-positive and control horses, liver-specific biochemical analytes were within the normal ranges. Phylogenetic analyses based on the partial sequences of EqPV-H NS1 revealed that the Korean EqPV-H isolates shared approximately 98.7–100% similarity. Of these, 11 Korean isolates shared high similarity with strains from the United States, Germany, and China, and the remaining three strains were distinct in phylogenetic analyses. The present study describes the current molecular prevalence, potential risk factors, and genetic diversity of Korean EqPV-H.

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Equine parvovirus‐hepatitis is detected in South America, Brazil

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence and pathology of equine parvovirus-hepatitis in racehorses from New York racetracks

Prevalence and pathology of equine parvovirus-hepatitis in racehorses from New York racetracks

First report of equine parvovirus‐hepatitis and equine hepacivirus coinfection in horses in Korea

Molecular Prevalence of Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis in the Sera of Clinically Healthy Horses in South Korea

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