Equipment and Technology for Combined Ion–Plasma Strengthening of Cutting Tools

Grigoriev, Sergey N.; Metel, Alexander; Melnik, Yury A.; Волосова, М. А.

doi:10.3390/machines6040058

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Further observations are required to characterise the planar discharge, but might show this to be a versatile implementation that can avoid the hollow cathode instability. This might also be further manipulated to create various convergences of neutral beams, as described in references [39,40,67] for a single perforated cathode immersed in a background plasma, that produced beams suitable for dielectric materials processing. In comparison with this approach, the simplicity of an entirely self-sustained discharge might not compensate for the constraints upon operating range, but addition of a focussing anode could offer additional control over properties of the beam produced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical emission from a ‘beam mode’ transparent cathode glow discharge

Hardiment

Bowden

2021

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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We investigate optical emission from a low-pressure ‘beam mode’ inertial electrostatic confinement glow discharge, created using cylindrical grid electrodes, having cathode inside a grounded, concentric anode. Spectral line distributions were measured in helium from this and a hollow cathode mode, with four lines emitted from singlet and triplet states with n = 3 and L = P and D compared against simple models for impact excitation by electrons and by ions and neutrals, suggesting much beam mode emission is caused by fast neutrals, and a significant component also caused by electrons. Beam mode emission occurs in a pattern of radial lines, that pass through aligned electrode apertures and extend across the chamber. Shadows cast by the electrode wires indicate electrically-neutral, beam-like sources of excitation, that cross the electrode assembly from bright radial lines in the opposing inter-electrode space, and calculated potential distributions show lensing surfaces around the anode grid apertures, focussing for inward-drifting ions. These indicate the emission pattern is caused by radially-convergent ion beams, and co-linear beams of fast neutrals produced in these. Emission was also observed with various alterations made to the electrode arrangement: with the anode removed, no beams were observed; with the cathode apertures rotated out of phase with those of the anode, bright radial beams between the electrodes followed the distribution of anode apertures; similar beams appeared with the grid cathode replaced by a solid version. In these experiments, progressive obstruction of pathways through the cathode caused increasing reduction in the beam pattern of emission beyond the anode radius, and in discharge perveance at similar pressure and voltage. Beam-like emission was also observed for a parallel-planar configuration, in which a cathode grid was held between two identical anode grids. The beam mode is shown to be a convergent, anode-focussed ion beam discharge, distinct to the star mode described elsewhere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a TCD as fast neutral source has been proposed for a thruster [38], and might be considered for further neutral beam applications such as materials processing e.g. [39][40][41]. For other technological applications, the possible advantages of accessing a different, heavy particle-impact collisional regime are largely unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical emission from a ‘beam mode’ transparent cathode glow discharge

Hardiment

Bowden

2021

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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Electrical Discharge Machining Non-Conductive Ceramics: Combination of Materials

et al. 2020

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One of the promising processing methods for non-conductive structural and functional ceramics based on ZrO2, Al2O3, and Si3N4 systems is electrical discharge machining with the assistance of an auxiliary electrode that can be presented in the form of conductive films with a thickness up to 4–10 µm or nanoparticles - granules, tubes, platelets, multidimensional particles added in the working zone as a free poured powder the proper concentration of which can be provided by ultrasound emission or by dielectric flows or as conductive additives in the structure of nanocomposites. However, the described experimental approaches did not reach the production market and industry. It is related mostly to the chaotic development of the knowledge and non-systematized data in the field when researchers often cannot ground their choice of the material for auxiliary electrodes, assisting powders, or nano additives or they cannot explain the nature of processes that were observed in the working tank during experiments when their results are not correlated to the measured specific electrical conductivity of the electrodes, particles, ceramic workpieces or nanocomposites but depends on something else. The proposed review includes data on the main electrophysical and chemical properties of the components in the presence of heat when the temperature in the interelectrode gap reaches 10,000 °C, and the systematization of data on ceramic pressing methods, including spark plasma sintering, the chemical reactions that occur in the interelectrode gap during sublimation of primary (brass and copper) and auxiliary electrodes made of transition metals Ti, Cr, Co, and carbon, auxiliary electrodes made of metals with low melting point Zn, Ag, Au, Al, assisting powder of oxide ceramics TiO2, CeO2, SnO2, ITO, conductive additives Cu, W, TiC, WC, and components of Al2O3 and Zr2O workpieces in interaction with the dielectric fluid - water and oil/kerosene medium.

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Wear Resistance and Titanium Adhesion of Cathodic Arc Deposited Multi-Component Coatings for Carbide End Mills at the Trochoidal Milling of Titanium Alloy

et al. 2020

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The work was devoted to the study of the effectiveness of the application of multi-component coatings, TiN–Al/TiN, TiN–AlTiN/SiN, and CrTiN–AlTiN–AlTiCrN/SiN, obtained by cathodic arc deposition to increase the wear resistance of 6WH10F carbide end mills in trochoidal milling of titanium alloy. The surface morphology of the tool with coatings was studied using scanning electron microscopy, and surface roughness texture was estimated. Microhardness and elastic modulus of the coated carbide tool surface layer were determined by nanoindentation. The process of sticking titanium to the working surface of the tool and quantitative evaluation of end mill wear with multi-component coatings at the trochoidal strategy of milling titanium alloy was studied. The CrTiN–AlTiN–AlTiCrN/SiN coating showed the maximum value of the plasticity index at the level of 0.12. The maximum effect of reducing the wear rate was achieved when using a tool with a CrTiN –AlTiN–AlTiCrN/SiN coating when the operating time to failure of end mills was increased by 4.6 times compared to samples without coating, by 1.4 times compared with TiN–Al/TiN coating and 1.15 times compared with TiN–AlTiN/SiN coating.

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Equipment and Technology for Combined Ion–Plasma Strengthening of Cutting Tools

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Optical emission from a ‘beam mode’ transparent cathode glow discharge

Optical emission from a ‘beam mode’ transparent cathode glow discharge

Electrical Discharge Machining Non-Conductive Ceramics: Combination of Materials

Wear Resistance and Titanium Adhesion of Cathodic Arc Deposited Multi-Component Coatings for Carbide End Mills at the Trochoidal Milling of Titanium Alloy

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