Equivalent Circuit Model Viewed From Receiver Side in Human Body Communication

This paper develops a new reconstruction technique of undesirable signal distortion generated by sensor electronic circuits. The introduced reconstruction technique is originally realized with unfamiliar low-pass negative group delay (NGD) function. The feasibility condition of the proposed reconstruction technique in function of the sensor signal spectrum bandwidth under consideration is elaborated. The reconstruction technique principle is theoretically introduced by means of identification of low-pass NGD function parameters and the appropriated circuit topology. The unfamiliar low-pass NGD function analysis and synthesis equations are established. As an example, for the feasibility study, an RC-network based low-pass active cell is considered to implement the low-pass NGD function. A design method of NGD circuit in function of the sensor distortion transfer function is described in different successive steps. The developed NGD reconstruction technique is validated by different proofs of concept. First, transient simulations are carried out with Gaussian and sinc analytical signals. Then, experimental feasibility study is also performed with arbitrary waveform signal. As expected, the NGD reconstruction technique efficiency is confirmed with improvement of distorted signal integrity parameters and cross correlation better than 97%.

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“…Substituting the N(s) TF coefficients expressed in equation (23) and equation (24) into equation (34), we have the relation:…”

Section: ) Analysis At Very Low Frequenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advanced design with deep learning-based health electronic wearable sensors is introduced in [22]. Despite the progress of these techniques of distortion cancellation, more efficient and simpler methods allowing to avoid the circuit modelling [23], [24] based method can be developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction Technique of Distorted Sensor Signals with Low-Pass NGD Function

et al. 2020

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“…Although many HBC systems have been proposed [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], the devices were mainly worn on arms and trunks. To widen the range of applications, we previously investigated the basic transmission mechanism of HBC between head-mounted wearable devices [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Analysis in Human Body Communication for Head-Mounted Wearable Devices

Muramatsu

Sasaki

2021

Electronics

Self Cite

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As society ages, wireless body area networks (WBANs) are expected to increasingly improve the quality of life of the elderly and disabled. One promising WBAN technology is human body communication (HBC), which utilizes part of the human body as a transmission medium. Communication between head-mounted wearable devices, such as hearing aids, is a potential HBC application. To clarify the HBC transmission mechanism between head-mounted wearable devices, this study analyzes the input impedance characteristics of the transceiver electrodes, transmission characteristics, and electric field distributions around and through a detailed head model. The investigation was performed via an electromagnetic field simulation. The signal frequency had less effect on the transmission characteristics and electric field distributions at 10, 20, and 30 MHz. However, the transmission mechanism between the head-mounted wearable devices was influenced by the number of electrodes in the transceiver. Moreover, the transmission characteristics between two-electrode transceivers were improved by impedance matching. Finally, the availability of the proposed system was evaluated from power consumption and human safety perspectives.

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“…Particularly, in implantable communication, wiring causes infection; hence, wire communication is not generally used in networking. The other method is wireless communication, which includes electromagnetic coupling [11], radio frequency communication [12], [13], and human-body communication [14]- [24]. Electromagnetic coupling and radio frequency methods have wide bandwidths, fast communication speeds, and steady communication but they require a high communication frequency, have poor signal control, weak anti-interference performance, and large signal attenuation; therefore, they are unsuitable for networking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intra-body communication technology [14]- [24] is an important data communication method in modern medical monitoring and measuring. Human tissues are used as the communication media and signals are transmitted through them; hence, complicated wiring is avoided when establishing the body area network.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Verification of Human Body Communication Path Gain Channel Modeling for Muscular-Tissue Characteristics

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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To study the signal transmission mechanism in the human body, the channel characteristics are generally analyzed by modeling. In current modeling methods, the human body is considered quasi-static and the human tissues isotropic, for simplifying the model and its calculation; however, this does not consider the effect of the human tissues on electric signal transmission, resulting in considerable deviations between the calculated results and the measured values. To reduce model errors and improve precision, a channel modeling method with human muscular-tissue characteristics is proposed in this study. In this method, Maxwell's equations is used as the governing equation and a galvanic-coupling intra-body communication channel model with human-tissue characteristics is built in the cylindrical coordinate system. By building a numerical model with the same parameters as in the analytical model, the analytical solution is proved to be correct. By comparing the different-sample anisotropic models and the isotropic models with the experimental results, it is concluded that the anisotropic model with muscular-tissue characteristics is superior to the isotropic model without muscular-tissue characteristics, with respect to the curve variation tendency and error between the model calculations and the experimental results. The precision of this anisotropic model is enhanced by 200%; hence, it is more accurate. At last, in order to study the optimal communication frequency of the channel, we select 50 healthy persons as the subjects of this experiment, we find that the optimal communication frequency band of the human arm is 10 kHz to 50 kHz. Within this frequency band, the channel gain is the largest, and the mean deviation of samples is less than 2dB, which is very beneficial to signal transmission in human body. INDEX TERMS Tissue characteristics, galvanic coupling, human-body communication, channel modeling. I. INTRODUCTION A Body area network (BAN) consists of node devices distributed on the surface of the human body or implanted in the The associate editor coordinating the review of this article and approving it for publication was Nuno Garcia. human body; signals are transmitted around and inside the human body through specific communication paths. Devices distributed on the surface of the human body such as for the electrocardiogram [1], temperature [2], heart rate [3]-[5], and blood pressure [6], [7], are generally called wearable

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Equivalent Circuit Model Viewed From Receiver Side in Human Body Communication

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Reconstruction Technique of Distorted Sensor Signals with Low-Pass NGD Function

Reconstruction Technique of Distorted Sensor Signals with Low-Pass NGD Function

Transmission Analysis in Human Body Communication for Head-Mounted Wearable Devices

Experimental Verification of Human Body Communication Path Gain Channel Modeling for Muscular-Tissue Characteristics

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