Transmission Analysis in Human Body Communication for Head-Mounted Wearable Devices

Muramatsu, Dairoku; Sasaki, Ken

doi:10.3390/electronics10101213

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Where ′𝑛′ is the length of the codewords, ′𝑚′ is the number of data bits, and ′𝐾′ is the constraint length of the CE. In this work, the CE is designed based on the format of (3,1,4). where the number of input bits (𝑚) = 1, the codeword length (𝑛) = 3, and the constraint length (𝐾) = 4.…”

Section: Bcc Transmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-power body-coupled transceiver for miniaturized body area networks

Nataraju,

Karanam Sreekantha,

V. S. S. S. S.Sairam

2024

IJECE

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As wearable devices continue to proliferate, seamlessly integrating them into wireless body-area networks (WBANs) becomes increasingly crucial. Body-coupled communication (BCC) emerges as a promising WBAN technology, utilizing the human body itself as a transmission channel. This paper presents a novel BCC transceiver designed for efficiency and miniaturization. The proposed transceiver prioritizes reliable data transmission with a convolutional encoder. It leverages a simple direct digital synthesizer (DDS) for frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, minimizing chip area. At the receiver, a Viterbi decoder (VD) ensures accurate data recovery. This design shines in its resource efficiency. It occupies less than 1% of an Artix-7 FPGA, operates at 268.77 MHz with a mere 111 mW power consumption, and achieves a remarkable data rate of 13.78 Mbps. This translates to a hardware efficiency of 44.46 Kbps/slice, surpassing existing transceivers. Moreover, the BCC transceiver exhibits a stellar bit error rate (BER) of over 10⁻⁷ under realistic body channel conditions. Overall, this work presents a highly efficient BCC transceiver with significant improvements in chip area, power consumption, and data rate compared to existing designs. This paves the way for practical and miniaturized WBAN solutions for future wearable applications.

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Section: Bcc Transmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-power body-coupled transceiver for miniaturized body area networks

Nataraju,

Karanam Sreekantha,

V. S. S. S. S.Sairam

2024

IJECE

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“…In order to better understand how the human body affects the antenna performance, two different types of numerical models known as "phantoms" have been distinguished and reported by the researchers in the literature. These body phantoms are categories as theoretical phantom and the voxel phantom (realistic model), which essentially employs simulated biological tissue and the actual physical structure, respectively [98][99][100]. Fig.…”

Section: Impact Of Human Body On Wearable Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Analysis and Applications of Wearable Antennas: A Review

et al. 2023

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Wearable antennas are the vital components for Body Centric Communication (BCC). These antennas have recently gained the attention of researchers and have received a great deal of popularity due to their attractive characteristics and opportunities. They are fundamental in the Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) for health care, military, sports, and identification purposes. Compared to traditional antennas, these antennas work in close proximity to the human body, so their performance in terms of return loss, gain, directivity, bandwidth, radiation pattern, efficiency, and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is influenced by the coupling and absorption of the human body tissues. Additionally, in the design of these antennas, size, power consumption, and speed can also play a paramount role. In most cases, these antennas are integrated into the clothes, or in some cases, they may be fixed over the skin of the users. When these characteristics are considered, the design of wearable antennas becomes challenging, particularly when textile materials are examined, high conductivity materials are used during the manufacturing process, and various deformation scenarios have an impact on the design's performance. To enhance the overall performance of the wearable antennas and to reduce the backward radiation towards the human body, metamaterial surfaces are introduced that provide a high degree of isolation from the human body and significantly reduce the SAR. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art wearable/textile/flexible antennas integrated with metamaterial structures composed of wearable/flexible substrate materials, with a focus on single and dual band antenna designs. The paper also reviews the critical design issues, various fabrication techniques, and other factors that need to be considered in the design of wearable/textile/flexible antennas. All the designs presented in this work are of the recent developments in wearable technology. INDEX TERMS BCC, WBAN, SAR, metamaterial, and wearable/textile/flexible antennas I. INTRODUCTIONRecently, Body Centric Wireless Communication (BCWC) has become one of the most important parts of the fourth generation (4G) mobile communication systems. The fifth generation (5G) is an encouraging technology which will not only fulfil the need of a high data rate for mobile phones and similar devices but also enable incorporation with different high added value services [1]. The IEEE 802.15 standardization group has been established to standardize applications intended for on, off, and in-body communication due to the growing interest in antennas and wave propagation for body centric communication systems [2]. BCWC is a type of communication which is used to connect devices which are worn on or in the body, or between the two people in close proximity. It is further divided into three different categories according to the mean of communication, they are on-body, in-body and off-body communication [3][4][5]. On-body communication describes the wireless communication between the body-mou...

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