Equivalent reductions in body weight during the Beef WISE Study: beef's role in weight improvement, satisfaction and energy

Abstract

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of this randomized equivalence trial was to determine the impact of consuming lean beef as part of a high protein (HP) weight‐reducing diet on changes in body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic health.MethodsA total of 120 adults (99 female) with overweight or obesity (BMI: 35.7 ± 7.0 kg m−2) were randomly assigned to consume either a HP diet with ≥4 weekly servings of lean beef (B; n = 60) or a HP diet restricted in all red meats (NB; n = 60) during a 16‐week weight loss intervention.ResultsBody weight was reduced by 7.8 ± 5.9% in B and 7.7 ± 5.5% in NB (p < 0.01 for both). Changes in percent body weight were equivalent between B and NB (mean difference: 0.06%, 90% confidence interval: (−1.7, 1.8)). Fat mass was reduced in both groups (p < 0.01; B: 8.0 ± 0.6 kg, NB: 8.6 ± 0.6 kg), while lean mass was not reduced in either group. Improvements in markers of cardiometabolic health (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure) were not different between B and NB.ConclusionResults of this study demonstrate that HP diets – either rich or restricted in red meat intakes – are effective for decreasing body weight and improving body composition and cardiometabolic health.

Hunger, Food Cravings, and Diet Satisfaction are Related to Changes in Body Weight During a 6-Month Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention: The Beef WISE Study

“…Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two energy-restricted diets: A HP diet with instructions to consume ≥4 weekly servings of lean beef as the only source of red meat (B), or a HP diet with instructions not to consume any red meat for the duration of the study (NB). The details of the weight loss intervention were previously published [ 29 ]. Briefly, all subjects participated in the State of Slim (SOS) group-based weight management program [ 31 ] at the AHWC for 16 weeks.…”

“…The exact macronutrient distribution of the SOS diet plan is variable among participants (depends on specific chosen foods) and the 3 diet phases. Estimated macronutrient distributions for the SOS diet plan have been calculated and previously reported to be 26–32% carbohydrate, 40–50% protein, and 24–28% fat [ 29 ]. Protein foods in the SOS program are lean and minimally processed (i.e., lean meat and poultry, fish, egg whites, and fat-free dairy) [ 31 ].…”

“…The primary aim of the Beef WISE Study [ 29 ] was to compare changes in body weight, body composition, and indices of cardiometabolic health between two energy-restricted HP diets that included either a prescription to consume ≥4 weekly servings of lean beef (Beef, B) as the only source of red meat (i.e., beef, pork, veal, lamb, and mutton) or to consume no red meats (Non-Beef, NB) for 6 months. Body weight was reduced by 7.8 ± 5.9% in B and 7.7 ± 5.5% in NB, which indicated equivalent weight loss between the diets (mean difference: 0.06%, 90% confidence interval: (−1.7, 1.8)).…”

“…Body weight was reduced by 7.8 ± 5.9% in B and 7.7 ± 5.5% in NB, which indicated equivalent weight loss between the diets (mean difference: 0.06%, 90% confidence interval: (−1.7, 1.8)). Reductions in fat mass (B: 8.0 ± 0.6 kg and NB: 8.6 ± 0.6 kg) and improvements in markers of cardiometabolic health were not different between diets [ 29 ]. The current manuscript presents results from a secondary a priori aim of the Beef WISE Study, which was to determine if subjective appetite ratings (hunger and fullness), cravings, and diet satisfaction differed between B and NB during the weight loss intervention.…”

Effects of consuming a high‐protein diet with or without soy protein during weight loss and maintenance: a non‐inferiority, randomized clinical efficacy trial

“…Higher protein (HP) diets may help with weight loss by increasing satiety, increasing energy expenditure and promoting greater loss of fat vs. fat-free mass compared with lower or normal protein diets that provide dietary protein at or near the current Recommended Daily Allowance of 0.8 g of protein per kg of body weight (1)(2)(3)(4). It was previously reported that a HP diet that included lean beef was as effective as a HP diet without beef in producing weight loss while preserving fat free mass and improving cardiometabolic health (5). Whether weight loss is impacted by the source of protein has not be exhaustively studied, and some evidence indicates that proteins from animal vs. plant sources may differentially impact appetite and eating behaviour (6).…”