ErmF and ereD Are Responsible for Erythromycin Resistance in Riemerella anatipestifer

Xing, Linlin; Yu, Hui; Qi, Jingjing; Jiang, Pan; Sun, Beicheng; Cui, Junsheng; Ou, Changcan; Chang, Weishan; Hu, Qinghai

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131078

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Antibiotic susceptibility of C. perfringens was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method ( Xing et al., 2015 ), in accordance with the guidelines of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ( BSAC, 2015 ). A panel of 12 antibiotic discs (Hangzhou Microbial Reagent Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China) were used in this study: penicillin (1 UI), cefotaxime (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), imipenem (10 μg), florfenicol (30 μg), fosfomycin (200 μg), norfloxacin (5 μg), lincomycin (30 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), bacitracin (10 μg), and gentamycin (10 μg).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from 4 duck farms in Shandong province, China

Liu

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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Clostridium perfringens is an important zoonotic microorganism. The present study was undertaken to investigate prevalence, serotype distribution, antibiotic resistance, and genetic diversity of C. perfringens isolates from 4 duck farms in Shandong, China. In total, 424 samples of cloacal swabs and environment were collected from 3 commercial meat-type duck farms in Tai'an, Liaocheng, and Weifang and one breeder duck farm in Liaocheng between December 2018 and June 2019, of which, 207 (48.82%) samples were determined to be positive for C. perfringens ; a total of 402 isolates of C. perfringens were recovered, all of which were identified as type A; 30.85% of the isolates were positive for cpb2 gene; and cpe gene was found in 0.5% of the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that some of the isolates exhibited high antibiotic resistance, and 39.14% of the isolates were resistant to at least 5 classes of commonly used antibiotics. Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that 85 representative isolates encompassed 54 different sequences types ( STs ), clustered in 5 clonal complexes ( CCs ) and 40 singletons. ST3, the most common ST in 54 STs, constituting 15.29% of all isolates, was also the most prevalent ST of isolates from the Liaocheng breeder duck farm (farm 3). CC1, the most prolific CC, containing 15.29% of the analyzed isolates, was the popular subtype of isolates from Liaocheng meat duck farm (farm 2). Although all the isolates belong to type A, the genetic diversity varied greatly in different regions; the Simpson's Diversity Index of STs for Liaocheng, Tai'an, and Weifang were 0.5941, 0.9198, and 0.9627, respectively. Some of cloacal isolates and environmental isolates were distributed in the same ST or CC, indicating close genetic relationship between cloacal isolates and environmental isolates. A portion of the strains from humans and ducks was found to be phylogenetically close. The close relationship between strains from humans and ducks, the high antibiotic resistance of C. perfringens , and the cpe -positive isolates indicated potential public health risks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from 4 duck farms in Shandong province, China

Liu

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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“…Recently, mef (A) and erm (B) were linked to high levels of macrolide resistance in gram negatives such as Haemophilus influenzae (Atkinson, Kunde, & Tristram, ; Seyama et al, ), which makes them interesting targets of surveillance when screening for macrolide resistance genes. Additionally, erm (F) has been linked to high levels of erythromycin (ERM) and clindamycin resistance in the Bacteroides and Parabacteroides genera (Kierzkowska et al, ; Xing et al, ), and it is commonly found in bacteria of the genus Prevotella (Chung, Werckenthin, Schwarz, & Roberts, 1999; Sanai et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azithromycin and erythromycin susceptibility and macrolide resistance genes in Prevotella from patients with periodontal disease

et al. 2019

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Objectives To study oral Prevotella spp. isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis, to determine their susceptibility to azithromycin and erythromycin and to screen the presence of macrolide resistance genes therein. Material and Methods Isolates with a Prevotella‐like morphology were obtained from subgingival samples of 52 patients with chronic periodontitis. Each isolate was identified to the species level by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In 100 Prevotella spp. isolates, azithromycin and erythromycin susceptibility was determined using the E test method, and the screening of erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(F), erm(G), erm(Q) and mef(A) genes was done by PCR. Results Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens were the most identified species (33% each). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranges for both antibiotics were 0.016/0.032 to >256 μg/ml. MIC50 values for azithromycin and erythromycin were 1.5 and 1 μg/ml, respectively, and MIC90 values were >256 μg/ml for both antibiotics. Nineteen per cent of the isolates carried erm(B), and 51% carried erm(F). Conclusions The MIC values found were high compared to previous studies. erm(F) was greatly prevalent, and we describe for the first time the erm(B) gene in Prevotella spp. The presence of either of the genes seems to be associated with a higher degree of resistance to azithromycin and erythromycin.

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“…However, the chronic use of antimicrobials has increasingly aggravated the resistance in R. anatipestifer isolates (Chang et al, 2003; Zhong et al, 2009). In previous studies (Chang et al, 2003; Chen et al, 2010, 2012; Xing et al, 2015), various antibiotic susceptibility tests of the field isolates of R. anatipestifer are reported. Nevertheless, studies on the molecular mechanisms of R. anatipestifer isolates that are resistant to antibiotics are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay Between the Phenotype and Genotype, and Efflux Pumps in Drug-Resistant Strains of Riemerella anatipestifer

et al. 2018

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The number of multidrug-resistant strains of Riemerella anatipestifer continues to increase, and new strategies for the treatment of associated infections are necessary. Recently, numerous studies have shown that efflux pumps (EPs) play key roles in universal bacterial mechanisms that contribute to antibiotic resistance. In addition, studies have shown that the effects of antibiotics that are subjected to efflux can be reinforced by their combined use with efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). Unfortunately, the role of the efflux system in R. anatipestifer remains barely understood. In this study, we evaluated the role of EPs and resistance genes in the resistance generated by clinical strains of R. anatipestifer to antibiotics. A set of 10 R. anatipestifer strains were characterized by drug resistance, associated resistance genes, and antibiotic profiles in the presence and absence of EPIs. Efflux activity was studied on a real time basis through a fluorometric method. Quantification of the levels of mRNA transcription of efflux pump genes (EPGs) was determined by RT-qPCR. Several approaches (detection of resistance genes, drug susceptibility testing, and growth kinetics analysis) were used to assess the correlation between the effect of the EPIs and the resistance levels. Analysis of the R. anatipestifer growth inhibition tests showed that the antibiotic activity was enhanced by the synergy of EPIs. Among the various resistance genes that confer antibiotic resistance, different minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were observed. The different levels of resistance were reduced by EPIs. Real time fluorometry showed that all the R. anatipestifer strains presented inherent efflux activity, conferring varying levels of inhibition in the presence of EPIs. Moreover, 15 EPGs were overexpressed in the presence of antibiotics. The addition of EPIs to antibiotics led to downregulation in the expression of some EPGs and a simultaneous increase in drug resistance and sensitivity. These results demonstrated the contribution of these EPs in the resistant phenotype of the clinical strains of R. anatipestifer that are under investigation, independently of the resistant genotype of the respective strains. Intrinsic efflux activity was possibly linked to the evolution of resistance in multidrug-resistant isolates of R. anatipestifer. Furthermore, the inhibition of EPs by EPIs could enhance the clinical effects of antibiotics.

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ErmF and ereD Are Responsible for Erythromycin Resistance in Riemerella anatipestifer

Cited by 40 publications

References 20 publications

Prevalence and multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from 4 duck farms in Shandong province, China

Prevalence and multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from 4 duck farms in Shandong province, China

Azithromycin and erythromycin susceptibility and macrolide resistance genes in Prevotella from patients with periodontal disease

Interplay Between the Phenotype and Genotype, and Efflux Pumps in Drug-Resistant Strains of Riemerella anatipestifer

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