Erodibility of permafrost exposures in the coasts of Eastern Chukotka

Maslakov, Alexey; Kraev, Gleb

doi:10.1016/j.polar.2016.04.009

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Accelerated shoreline retreat has been reported from several locations along Arctic coasts, but no Arctic-wide acceleration in shoreline retreat has yet been substantiated, likely because of the lack of suitable data and the scarce coverage of Arctic coastal change studies (Overduin et al, 2014). High coastal erosion rates have been described along the Siberian coast, with acceleration of coastal erosion being observed in various studies with rates up to À17 m/a along very exposed sites, like the northern tip of Muostakh Island (Günther et al, , 2015Lantuit et al, 2011;Maslakov & Kraev, 2016;Vasiliev et al, 2005). Along the Alaskan Beaufort coast, mean shoreline change occurs at a rate of À1.4 ± 0.3 m/a (1940s-2000s), and maximum rates of up to À19 m/a are being measured in the area of Drew Point and Point Barrow for subdecadal time periods Brown et al, 2003;Gibbs & Richmond, 2015;Jones et al, 2008, Jones, Arp, Beck, et al, 2009, Jones, Arp, Jorgenson, et al, 2009Mars & Houseknecht, 2007;Ping et al, 2011;Reimnitz et al, 1985;Tweedie et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Rates of Coastal Change Along the Yukon Coast, 1951 to 2015

et al. 2018

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To better understand the reaction of Arctic coasts to increasing environmental pressure, coastal changes along a 210‐km length of the Yukon Territory coast in north‐west Canada were investigated. Shoreline positions were acquired from aerial and satellite images between 1951 and 2011. Shoreline change rates were calculated for multiple time periods along the entire coast and at six key sites. Additionally, Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) measurements of shoreline positions from seven field sites were used to analyze coastal dynamics from 1991 to 2015 at higher spatial resolution. The whole coast has a consistent, spatially averaged mean rate of shoreline change of 0.7 ± 0.2 m/a with a general trend of decreasing erosion from west to east. Additional data from six key sites shows that the mean shoreline change rate decreased from −1.3 ± 0.8 (1950s–1970s) to −0.5 ± 0.6 m/a (1970s–1990s). This was followed by a significant increase in shoreline change to −1.3 ± 0.3 m/a in the 1990s to 2011. This increase is confirmed by DGPS measurements that indicate increased erosion rates at local rates up to −8.9 m/a since 2006. Ground surveys and observations with remote sensing data indicate that the current rate of shoreline retreat along some parts of the Yukon coast is higher than at any time before in the 64‐year‐long observation record. Enhanced availability of material in turn might favor the buildup of gravel features, which have been growing in extent throughout the last six decades.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Rates of Coastal Change Along the Yukon Coast, 1951 to 2015

et al. 2018

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“…We used an OKO-2 (LogiS, Russia) GPR with a 400 MHz shielded antenna block because 50-400 MHz is the optimal frequency range for surveying permafrost laid by 0.5-2. [36,37]. A description of sedimentary units is given in the text.…”

Section: Methods and Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mean precipitation of 220-240 mm was stable over the 1970-2019 time frame [35]. [36,37]. A description of sedimentary units is given in the text.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It consists of deposits widely distributed on the Bering sea coasts [36]. A detailed description of the sediments can be found in our open access study [37]. Dark grey clayey loams and clays in the base of the bluff (Unit 1) are covered with sands (Unit 2a) banded with pebble and gravel-enriched layers (Unit 2b).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean annual temperatures of soil by depths in 1992 were 0 °C at 1.5 m, −3 °C at 4.5 m. The Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring plot in pristine tundra 2 km away from Lorino has been showing a gradual increase of the active layer thickness from 0.5 to 0.7 m over the last decade [40,41]. Among the hazardous cryogenic processes and phenomena observed in Lorino are thermokarst, heaving, thermal erosion, and thermal abrasion, causing deformations of buildings and destruction of infrastructure [37,42]. Furthermore, solifluction, kurums, and icings are common in the surroundings.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hazards of Activation of Cryogenic Processes in the Arctic Community: A Geopenetrating Radar Study in Lorino, Chukotka, Russia

2020

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The subsurface structure of permafrost is of high significance to forecast landscape dynamics and the engineering stability of infrastructure under human impacts and climate warming, which is a modern challenge for Arctic communities. Application of the non-destructive method of geo-penetrating radar (GPR) survey is a promising way to study it. The study program, which could be used for planning and monitoring of measures of adaptation of Arctic communities to environmental changes is provided in this paper. The main principle was to use etalons of coupled radargrams and archive geological data to interpret changes in the permafrost structure from a grid of 5–10 m deep GPR transects. Here, we show the application of GPR to reconstruct and predict hazards of activation of cryogenic processes from the spatial variability in the structure of permafrost. The cumulative effects of the village and climate change on permafrost were manifested in changes in the active layer thickness from 0.5−1.0 m to up to 3.5 m. Despite that the permafrost degradation has declined due to the improved maintenance of infrastructure and the effects of ground filling application, the hazards of heaving and thermokarst remain for the built-up area in Lorino.

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