ERPs to pitch changes

Recent reviews and meta-analyses suggest that reducing the duration of untreated psychosis leads to better symptomatic and functional outcome in patients with psychotic disorder. Early intervention attenuates the symptoms of individuals at clinical high-risk (HR) for psychosis and may delay or prevent their transition to psychosis. Identifying biological markers in the early stages of psychotic disorder is an important step toward elucidating the pathophysiology, improving prediction of the transition to psychosis, and introducing targeted early intervention for help-seeking individuals aiming for better outcome. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a component of event-related potentials that reflects preattentive auditory sensory memory and is a promising biomarker candidate for schizophrenia. Reduced MMN amplitude is a robust finding in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Recent reports have shown that people in the early stages of psychotic disorder exhibit attenuation of MMN amplitude. MMN in response to duration deviants and in response to frequency deviants reveals different patterns of deficits. These findings suggest that MMN may be useful for identifying clinical stages of psychosis and for predicting the risk of development. MMN may also be a “translatable” biomarker since it reflects N-methyl-d-aspartte receptor function, which plays a fundamental role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. Furthermore, MMN-like responses can be recorded in animals such as mice and rats. This article reviews MMN studies conducted on individuals with HR for psychosis, first-episode psychosis, recent-onset psychosis, and on animals. Based on the findings, the authors discuss the potential of MMN as a clinical biomarker for early intervention for help-seeking individuals in the early stages of psychotic disorder, and as a translatable neurophysiological marker for the preclinical assessment of pharmacological agents used in animal models that mimic early stages of the disorder.

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“…Some studies have reported that evoked ERP responses are not necessarily MMN in rabbits (79), rats (80, 81), and mice (82). …”

Section: Mmn In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mismatch Negativity as a “Translatable” Brain Marker Toward Early Intervention for Psychosis: A Review

Nagai¹,

Tada²,

Kirihara³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychiatry

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“…In animals, MMN-like responses to deviant stimuli (i.e., higher amplitude responses to deviants than standards, mismatch response 1 ) for example in frequency and duration have been reported in many different animal species (e.g., Csépe et al, 1987, 1989; Javitt et al, 1992; Kraus et al, 1994; Ruusuvirta et al, 1996, 1998; Umbricht et al, 2005; Astikainen et al, 2006). However, there are also negative findings in rodents (frequency changes: Lazar and Metherate, 2003; von der Behrens et al, 2009, speech sound changes: Eriksson and Villa, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mismatch brain response to speech sound changes in rats

Ahmed¹

2011

Front. Psychology

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Understanding speech is based on neural representations of individual speech sounds. In humans, such representations are capable of supporting an automatic and memory-based mechanism for auditory change detection, as reflected by the mismatch negativity (MMN) of event-related potentials. There are also findings of neural representations of speech sounds in animals, but it is not known whether these representations can support the change detection mechanism analogous to that underlying the MMN in humans. To this end, we presented synthesized spoken syllables to urethane-anesthetized rats while local field potentials were epidurally recorded above their primary auditory cortex. In an oddball condition, a deviant stimulus /ga/ or /ba/ (probability 1:12 for each) was rarely and randomly interspersed between frequently presented standard stimulus /da/ (probability 10:12). In an equiprobable condition, 12 syllables, including /da/, /ga/, and /ba/, were presented in a random order (probability 1:12 for each). We found evoked responses of higher amplitude to the deviant /ba/, albeit not to /ga/, relative to the standard /da/ in the oddball condition. Furthermore, the responses to /ba/ were higher in amplitude in the oddball condition than in the equiprobable condition. The findings suggest that anesthetized rat’s brain can form representations of human speech sounds, and that these representations can support the memory-based change detection mechanism analogous to that underlying the MMN in humans. Our findings show a striking parallel in speech processing between humans and rodents and may thus pave the way for feasible animal models of memory-based change detection.

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“…Interestingly, the MMN is described as a pre-attentive, automatic response, which can be elicited despite variations in states of wakefulness (Sculthorpe et al, 2009), such as during sleep or anesthesia, coma, or states of altered awareness, including hypnosis and meditation (Cahn and Polich, 2009;Chennu and Bekinschtein, 2012;Morlet and Fischer, 2014;Jamieson, 2016). In addition to extensive research in humans, MMN responses have also been recorded in cats (Csépe et al, 1987;Pincze et al, 2001), monkeys (Javitt et al, 1992(Javitt et al, , 1994, rabbits (Ruusuvirta et al, 1995(Ruusuvirta et al, , 1996a, guinea pigs (Kraus et al, 1994), and rats (Shiramatsu et al, 2013;Harms et al, 2014), via epidural EEG electrodes or cortical surface microelectrode arrays. Results are comparable, but not completely identical.…”

Section: Mismatch Negativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Sensory Predictions: A Review of Predictive Mechanisms in the Brain and Their Link to Conscious Processing

Tivadar

Knight

Tzovara

2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The human brain has the astonishing capacity of integrating streams of sensory information from the environment and forming predictions about future events in an automatic way. Despite being initially developed for visual processing, the bulk of predictive coding research has subsequently focused on auditory processing, with the famous mismatch negativity signal as possibly the most studied signature of a surprise or prediction error (PE) signal. Auditory PEs are present during various consciousness states. Intriguingly, their presence and characteristics have been linked with residual levels of consciousness and return of awareness. In this review we first give an overview of the neural substrates of predictive processes in the auditory modality and their relation to consciousness. Then, we focus on different states of consciousness - wakefulness, sleep, anesthesia, coma, meditation, and hypnosis - and on what mysteries predictive processing has been able to disclose about brain functioning in such states. We review studies investigating how the neural signatures of auditory predictions are modulated by states of reduced or lacking consciousness. As a future outlook, we propose the combination of electrophysiological and computational techniques that will allow investigation of which facets of sensory predictive processes are maintained when consciousness fades away.

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ERPs to pitch changes

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Mismatch Negativity as a “Translatable” Brain Marker Toward Early Intervention for Psychosis: A Review

Mismatch Negativity as a “Translatable” Brain Marker Toward Early Intervention for Psychosis: A Review

Mismatch brain response to speech sound changes in rats

Automatic Sensory Predictions: A Review of Predictive Mechanisms in the Brain and Their Link to Conscious Processing

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