“…In the first method, an HPA is introduced at some TiO 2 synthesis stage [39,40]; in the second, an HPA as a colloid, suspension, or film is adsorbed onto off the shelf titanium dioxide [38,41]. HPAs were anchored to a TiO 2 film by heat treating the latter at 300°С [42], 350°С [43], and 400°С [44]. In all cases, HPA deposition accelerated the photochemical oxi dation reaction.…”