Erratum to: Rapid succession drives spring community dynamics of small protists at Helgoland Roads, North Sea

Käse, Laura; Kraberg, Alexandra; Metfies, Katja; Neuhaus, Stefan; Sprong, Pim; Fuchs, Bernhard M.; Boersma, Maarten; Wiltshire, Karen Helen

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbaa029

Cited by 25 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Overall, the average total chl a concentrations in the UB (31.0 mg chl a m –2 ) and NES (28.4 mg chl a m –2 ) during the spring season of 2016 were lower than those reported previously in the EJS ( Kang et al, 2004 ; Lee et al, 2017b ). During the spring bloom in the UB during April 2001, a high chl a concentration (43.8 mg chl a m –2 ) was observed ( Kang et al, 2004 ). During this period, autotrophic nanoflagellates and picoeukaryotes were the main components of the total chl a ( Kang et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…During the spring bloom in the UB during April 2001, a high chl a concentration (43.8 mg chl a m –2 ) was observed ( Kang et al, 2004 ). During this period, autotrophic nanoflagellates and picoeukaryotes were the main components of the total chl a ( Kang et al, 2004 ). This finding was similar to our results, which showed that the contribution of small phytoplankton to the total chl a was high (55.6%) in the UB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quantity and quality of food provided by phytoplankton can be largely affected by various environmental conditions, such as light conditions, major nutrient availability, and phytoplankton species composition ( Morris et al, 1974 ; Mortensen et al, 1988 ; Kilham et al, 1997 ; Lee et al, 2017a ). In particular, phytoplankton size structure is one of the major factors controlling the efficiency of the transfer of energy fixed by photosynthesis toward upper trophic levels or into the ocean’s interior ( Legendre and Rassoulzadegan, 1996 ; Falkowski and Oliver, 2007 ; Finkel et al, 2010 ; Marañón et al, 2012 ). Marine ecosystems dominated by small phytoplankton have low carbon export rates due to slow sinking rates and intense microbial decomposition of organic matter, whereas high downward export fluxes and efficient transfer of food material (FM) through short food chains appear in systems dominated by large phytoplankton ( Marañón et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Different Size Phytoplankton for Primary Production and Biochemical Compositions in the Western East/Japan Sea

et al. 2020

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The current phytoplankton community structure is expected to change, with small phytoplankton becoming dominant under ongoing warming conditions. To understand and evaluate the ecological roles of small phytoplankton in terms of food quantity and quality, the carbon uptake rates and intracellular biochemical compositions (i.e., carbohydrates, CHO; proteins, PRT; and lipids, LIP) of phytoplankton of different sizes were analyzed and compared in two different regions of the western East/Japan Sea (EJS): the Ulleung Basin (UB) and northwestern East/Japan Sea (NES). The average carbon uptake rate by the whole phytoplankton community in the UB (79.0 ± 12.2 mg C m–2 h–1) was approximately two times higher than that in the NES (40.7 ± 2.2 mg C m–2 h–1), although the average chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration was similar between the UB (31.0 ± 8.4 mg chl a m–2) and NES (28.4 ± 7.9 mg chl a m–2). The main reasons for the large difference in the carbon uptake rates are believed to be water temperature, which affects metabolic activity and growth rate, and the difference in euphotic depths. The contributions of small phytoplankton to the total carbon uptake rate were not significantly different between the regions studied. However, the rate of decrease in the total carbon uptake with increasing contributions from small phytoplankton was substantially higher in the UB than in the NES. This result suggests that compared to other regions in the EJS, the primary production in the UB could decrease rapidly under ongoing climate change. The calorific contents calculated based on biochemical compositions were similar between the small (1.01 ± 0.33 Kcal m–3) and large (1.14 ± 0.36 Kcal m–3) phytoplankton in the UB, whereas the biochemical contents were higher in the large phytoplankton (1.88 ± 0.54 Kcal m–3) than in the small phytoplankton (1.06 ± 0.18 Kcal m–3) in the NES. The calorific values per unit of chl a were higher for the large phytoplankton than for the small phytoplankton in both regions, which suggests that large phytoplankton could provide a more energy efficient food source to organisms in higher trophic levels in the western EJS.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Different Size Phytoplankton for Primary Production and Biochemical Compositions in the Western East/Japan Sea

et al. 2020

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“…In E. affinis populations co-occurring with cyanobacterial blooms, positive effects of Nodularia ingestion on growth, reproductive output, and naupliar survival have been reported ( Hogfors et al, 2014 ; Motwani et al, 2017 ), indicating that all ontogenetic stages of this species are well-adapted to the cyanotoxins and can efficiently utilize cyanobacteria. By contrast, ingestion of Nodularia by A. bifilosa may adversely affects egg production ( Engström-Öst et al, 2015 ), although positive effects on RNA:DNA ratio, egg viability and nauplial abundance have also been reported for this species ( Hogfors et al, 2014 ). Acartia species can switch to ambush feeding and thus are more selective toward large motile prey ( Jonsson and Tiselius, 1990 ), avoiding cyanobacteria, and hence might be less dependent on the cyanotoxin biodegraders in the gut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The copepods Acartia bifilosa and Eurytemora affinis are the dominant mesozooplankton species in the Northern Baltic Proper ( Johansson et al, 2004 ) and a common prey for the main zooplanktivores ( Hansson et al, 1990 ). When selecting test specimens in the field survey and feeding experiments, we focused on the older copepodites, CIV-V, females, standardizing sample mass, avoiding the appearance of eggs/nauplii in the feeding trials, and minimizing variability due to ontogenetic development.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Copepods Can Eat Toxins Without Getting Sick: Gut Bacteria Help Zooplankton to Feed in Cyanobacteria Blooms

et al. 2021

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Toxin-producing cyanobacteria can be harmful to aquatic biota, although some grazers utilize them with often beneficial effects on their growth and reproduction. It is commonly assumed that gut microbiota facilitates host adaptation to the diet; however, the evidence for adaptation mechanisms is scarce. Here, we investigated the abundance of mlrA genes in the gut of the Baltic copepods Acartia bifilosa and Eurytemora affinis during cyanobacteria bloom season (August) and outside it (February). The mlrA genes are unique to microcystin and nodularin degraders, thus indicating the capacity to break down these toxins by the microbiota. The mlrA genes were expressed in the copepod gut year-round, being >10-fold higher in the summer than in the winter populations. Moreover, they were significantly more abundant in Eurytemora than Acartia. To understand the ecological implications of this variability, we conducted feeding experiments using summer- and winter-collected copepods to examine if/how the mlrA abundance in the microbiota affect: (1) uptake of toxic Nodularia spumigena, (2) uptake of a non-toxic algal food offered in mixtures with N. spumigena, and (3) concomitant growth potential in the copepods. The findings provide empirical evidence that the occurrence of mlrA genes in the copepod microbiome facilitates nutrient uptake and growth when feeding on phytoplankton mixtures containing nodularin-producing cyanobacteria; thus, providing an adaptation mechanism to the cyanobacteria blooms.

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Social Integrating Robots Suggest Mitigation Strategies for Ecosystem Decay

Schmickl

Szopek

Mondada

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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We develop here a novel hypothesis that may generate a general research framework of how autonomous robots may act as a future contingency to counteract the ongoing ecological mass extinction process. We showcase several research projects that have undertaken first steps to generate the required prerequisites for such a technology-based conservation biology approach. Our main idea is to stabilise and support broken ecosystems by introducing artificial members, robots, that are able to blend into the ecosystem’s regulatory feedback loops and can modulate natural organisms’ local densities through participation in those feedback loops. These robots are able to inject information that can be gathered using technology and to help the system in processing available information with technology. In order to understand the key principles of how these robots are capable of modulating the behaviour of large populations of living organisms based on interacting with just a few individuals, we develop novel mathematical models that focus on important behavioural feedback loops. These loops produce relevant group-level effects, allowing for robotic modulation of collective decision making in social organisms. A general understanding of such systems through mathematical models is necessary for designing future organism-interacting robots in an informed and structured way, which maximises the desired output from a minimum of intervention. Such models also help to unveil the commonalities and specificities of the individual implementations and allow predicting the outcomes of microscopic behavioural mechanisms on the ultimate macroscopic-level effects. We found that very similar models of interaction can be successfully used in multiple very different organism groups and behaviour types (honeybee aggregation, fish shoaling, and plant growth). Here we also report experimental data from biohybrid systems of robots and living organisms. Our mathematical models serve as building blocks for a deep understanding of these biohybrid systems. Only if the effects of autonomous robots onto the environment can be sufficiently well predicted can such robotic systems leave the safe space of the lab and can be applied in the wild to be able to unfold their ecosystem-stabilising potential.

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Erratum to: Rapid succession drives spring community dynamics of small protists at Helgoland Roads, North Sea

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Characteristics of Different Size Phytoplankton for Primary Production and Biochemical Compositions in the Western East/Japan Sea

Characteristics of Different Size Phytoplankton for Primary Production and Biochemical Compositions in the Western East/Japan Sea

How Copepods Can Eat Toxins Without Getting Sick: Gut Bacteria Help Zooplankton to Feed in Cyanobacteria Blooms

Social Integrating Robots Suggest Mitigation Strategies for Ecosystem Decay

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