Error-reduction techniques and error analysis for fully phase- and amplitude-based encryption

Javidi, Bahram; Towghi, Nasser; Maghzi, Nabíl; Verrall, Steven C.

doi:10.1364/ao.39.004117

Cited by 72 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The random phase key located in the Fourier plane serves as the only key in this encryption scheme. The properties of this system and systems like it have been investigated extensively [71][72][73][74][75]. Various other linear optical systems have also been proposed in similar encryption architectures [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84].…”

Section: Optical Image Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Naughton¹,

Rastogi²,

Hack³

2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The use of phase has a long standing history in optical image processing, with early milestones being in the field of pattern recognition, such as VanderLugt's practical construction technique for matched filters, and (implicitly) Goodman's joint Fourier transform correlator. In recent years, the flexibility afforded by phase-only spatial light modulators and digital holography, for example, has enabled many processing techniques based on the explicit encoding and decoding of phase. One application area concerns efficient numerical computations. Pushing phase measurement to its physical limits, designs employing the physical properties of phase have ranged from the sensible to the wonderful, in some cases making computationally easy problems easier to solve and in other cases addressing mathematics' most challenging computationally hard problems. Another application area is optical image encryption, in which, typically, a phase mask modulates the fractional Fourier transformed coefficients of a perturbed input image, and the phase of the inverse transform is then sensed as the encrypted image. The inherent linearity that makes the system so elegant mitigates against its use as an effective encryption technique, but we show how a combination of optical and digital techniques can restore confidence in that security. We conclude with the concept of digital hologram image processing, and applications of same that are uniquely suited to optical implementation, where the processing, recognition, or encryption step operates on full field information, such as that emanating from a coherently illuminated real-world three-dimensional object.

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Section: Optical Image Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Naughton¹,

Rastogi²,

Hack³

2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…The properties of such an encryption-decryption system have been investigated [2][3][4][5][6][7]. It is worth noting that since the system is linear, it exhibits behavior identical to that of the Fourier transform with regard to additive and multiplicative noise in optical implementations.…”

Section: Drpementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The properties of this system and systems like it have been investigated extensively [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Various other linear optical systems have also been proposed in similar encryption architectures [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing secure modes of operation for optical encryption

2008

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We analyze optical encryption systems using the techniques of conventional cryptography. All conventional block encryption algorithms are vulnerable to attack, and often they employ secure modes of operation as one way to increase security. We introduce the concept of conventional secure modes to optical encryption and analyze the results in the context of known conventional and optical attacks. We consider only the optical system "double random phase encoding," which forms the basis for a large number of optical encryption, watermarking, and multiplexing systems. We consider all attacks proposed to date in one particular scenario. We analyze only the mathematical algorithms themselves and do not consider the additional security that arises from employing these algorithms in physical optical systems.

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“…Con esta motivación, se han presentan algunas contribuciones donde se presentan métodos para reducir en cierta medida el ruido generado en los datos desencriptados, y aunque dichos métodos permiten obtener alguna disminución del ruido, ninguno de ellos permite eliminarlo completamente (Javidi, et al, 2000;Vilardy, et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Encriptación óptica de información con recuperación libre de ruido

Barrera-Ramírez

Torroba

2015

Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

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ResumenLos sistemas de protección de información basados en procesadores ópticos y que emplean una técnica de codificación de doble máscara aleatoria de fase permiten el manejo seguro de los datos, pero su recuperación no está libre de ruido. Si bien la seguridad del sistema es provista por el procesador óptico que habilita encriptar la información, en este trabajo se demuestra que la recuperación libre de ruido es posible mediante la inclusión de la codificación de respuesta rápida, sin alterar el proceso de protección de datos. La información que se desea proteger es previamente convertida en un código de respuesta rápida o código QR, y posteriormente el código es encriptado ópticamente. El código QR recuperado contendrá el ruido habitual producido por el uso de las máscaras aleatorias de fase y el procesamiento óptico-digital involucrado en el proceso. Finalmente, al escanear el código QR desencriptado se puede recuperar la información original completamente libre de ruido. Se incluye la descripción teórica del procesador óptico y se presentan resultados experimentales que demuestran la validez y aplicabilidad del sistema de protección. Palabras clave: protección de información, procesadores ópticos, recuperación libre de ruido Optical encryption with noise-free recovery AbstractThe information protection systems based on optical processors, employing a double random phase mask encryption technique, allow data securely handling, but the recovery is not noise-free. Although the system security is provided by the optical processor enabling the information encoding, we demonstrate in this contribution that noise-free recovery is indeed possible by including the quick response coding, without altering the data protection process. The information to be protected is first converted into a quick response code or QR code, and then this code is optically encrypted. The decrypted QR code exhibits the usual noise produced by the random phase masks along with the involved opto-digital processing. Finally, when scanning the decrypted QR code we recover the original information without noise. We include the theoretical description of the optical processor, as well as we show experimental results that corroborate the validity and applicability of the security system. Key words: information protection, optical processors, noise-free recovery. Ciencias físicas IntroducciónLos sistemas de seguridad tienen como objetivo asegurar la protección de la información (privacidad) y bienes (recursos) de los ciudadanos, instituciones y empresas. Estos sistemas ofrecen alternativas fiables para, por ejemplo, proteger las claves de seguridad que se usan para ingresar a las cuentas de correo electrónico, las cuentas en las redes sociales o para realizar pagos o transacciones electrónicas vía internet. Lo antes mencionado evidencia que la seguridad de la información ha entrado a formar un papel primordial en todos los ámbitos del quehacer diario de nuestra sociedad.Los sistemas que permiten proteger la información, usualmente llamados "sis...

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Error-reduction techniques and error analysis for fully phase- and amplitude-based encryption

Cited by 72 publications

References 15 publications

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Introducing secure modes of operation for optical encryption

Encriptación óptica de información con recuperación libre de ruido

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