Errors in intelligence estimation with short forms of the WAIS.

Kramer, Ernest; Francis, Paul S.

doi:10.1037/h0020976

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The present study lends support to the study by Kramer & Francis (1965) and indicates that use of the Doppelt Short Form is likely to lead to considerable miscalculation of the Standard Form IQ. The use of a Short Form usually indicates that the examiner is prepared to sacrifice accuracy for a saving in time, money, etc.…”

Section: Table I Iq Points Difference Between the Doppelt And Standsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Since Doppelt fist published his Short Form of the WAIS (Doppelt, 1956) there have been other studies showing similar results (Fisher & Shotwell, 1959;Olin & Reznikoff, 1957;Sines h Simmons, 1959;Steme, 1957;Himmelstein, 1957a,b,c;Monroe, 1966) and one discordant study (Kramer & Francis, 1965). Duke (1967) suggests that this 'may be an unusual individual deviation since the other authors using a general psychiatric population were more in agreement with about one third of their patients being mis-classified instead of about one half'.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…

b,c; Monroe, 1966) and one discordant study (Kramer & Francis, 1965). Duke (1967) suggests that this 'may be an unusual individual deviation since the other authors using a general psychiatric population were more in agreement with about one third of their patients being mis-classified instead of about one half'.

…”

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confidence: 96%

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Validity of the Doppelt Short Form WAIS in a Psychiatric Population

Love

1969

Br J Soc Clin Psychol

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Section: Table I Iq Points Difference Between the Doppelt And Standsupporting

confidence: 84%

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confidence: 81%

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Validity of the Doppelt Short Form WAIS in a Psychiatric Population

Love

1969

Br J Soc Clin Psychol

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“…For example, Erikson (1967) found significant differences between means of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) Full Scale IQs and those obtained by scoring an abbreviated form (Yudin, 1966) for five age groups and four IQ groups of normals, although correlations were high. In addition, both significant mean differences and misclassifications have resulted when these procedures have been applied to mentally retarded children (Finch, Ollendick, & Ginn, 1973), emotionally disturbed children (Finch, Childress, Wilkins, & Kendall, 1974), psychiatric patients (Kramer & Francis, 1965), and black children (Resnick & Entin, 1971).…”

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confidence: 99%

Correspondence of brief intelligence measures to the Wechsler scales with delinquents.

Kendall¹,

Little²

1977

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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The present study examined the relative utility of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the Quick Test, and the Revised Beta as measures of intelligence in relation to the Wechsler scales (the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised). Sixty-nine juvenile offenders were selected by a sampling procedure that produced a group representative of the offenders in all of Virginia's state institutions. Although the correlations among the measures were significant, mean differences and percentage-of-classification-agreement tallies indicated that the brief measures were not acceptable Wechsler substitutes with juvenile delinquents.

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“…However, recent criticisms of short forms have been made (Kramer & Francis, 1965;Silverstein, 1965). However, recent criticisms of short forms have been made (Kramer & Francis, 1965;Silverstein, 1965).…”

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confidence: 99%

Intellectual Evaluation of Brain-Damaged Patients with a Wais Short Form

Duke¹

1967

Psychol Rep

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The routine usage of intellecmal tests in research and diagnosis makes a short-form test desirable. However, recent criticisms of short forms have been made (Kramer & Francis, 1965;Silverstein, 1965). The purpose of this study was to give consideration to these criticisms and ro develop a short form of the WAIS for the evaluation of patients with organic brain damage.The standard form WAIS ( 1 1 subtests) was administered to 142 patients with organic brain damage (100 males, 42 females). Their age range was 16 to 72 yr. ( M = 48.05, SD = 16.93). The Full Scale IQ range was 56 to 139 ( M = 92.48, SD = 16.05).Brain damage was determined by standard neurological and neurosurgical techniques. Two short forms were developed. The four-subtest form consisted of Similarities and Vocabulary from the verbal scale and Block Design and Picture Arrangement from the performance scale. The six-subtest form included Information, Similarities, and Vocabulary from the verbal scale and Picture Completion, Block Design, and Picmre Arrangement from the performance scale. The scaled scores from each of the short forms were prorated to provide estimates of the standard form. The intraclass correlation, R, was used (Haggard, 1958). Next the short forms were compared with the standard form for agreement as to intellectual classification. Finally, a frequency distribution was worked out for the differences between the short forms and standard form IQ scores.The correlations between the four-subtest form and the standard form were: Verbal IQ .92, Performance IQ 9 2 , Full Scale IQ .95. The correlations between the six-subtest form and the standard form were: Verbal IQ 9 6 , Performance IQ .96, Full Scale IQ .97. The four-subtest form, in comparison to the standard form, misclassified as follows: Verbal 1Q 3796, Performance IQ 3796, Full Scale IQ 32%. The six-subtest form, in cornparlson to the standard form, misclassified as follows: Verbal I Q 2876, Performance IQ 21 C/o, Full Scale IQ 18%. With regard to deviation of the short-form IQs from the standard form IQs, the four-subtest form required a 20-point range, and the six-subtest form required a 14-point range to encompass 95% of the scores.The present evidence tends to support the position that a short-form WAIS is a valid instrument for evaluating intellecrual functioning of patients with organic brain damage, especially where time limits are imposed. REFERENCES HAGGARD, E. Iniraclass correlation and the analysis of variance. New York: Dryden, 1958. KRAMER, E., & FRANCIS, P. Errors in intelligence estimation with short forms of the

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Errors in intelligence estimation with short forms of the WAIS.

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Validity of the Doppelt Short Form WAIS in a Psychiatric Population

Validity of the Doppelt Short Form WAIS in a Psychiatric Population

Correspondence of brief intelligence measures to the Wechsler scales with delinquents.

Intellectual Evaluation of Brain-Damaged Patients with a Wais Short Form

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