Errors of flux integration methods for solutes in grab samples of runoff water, as compared to flow-proportional sampling

Schleppi, Patrick; Waldner, Peter; Stähli, Manfred

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.06.034

Cited by 28 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the control catchment, exports estimated by high-frequency samplings were higher than those by regular grab samplings in NO À 3 , and lower in other solutes. Some previous studies reported similar results (Schleppi et al, 2006;Ide et al, 2007). However, in the clear-cut catchment, chemical exports calculated from high-frequency sampling were significantly different from those calculated by regular grab samplings following clear-cutting.…”

Section: Differences In Solute Concentrations and Exports Between Regsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…First, the hourly concentrations were estimated. The regression method (Schleppi et al, 2006) was applied to estimate the hourly concentration because discharge was measured more frequently. The equation was expressed as follows:…”

Section: Methods Of Flux Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, the export of solutes from forest catchments was calculated more accurately by discharge-proportional sampling than by grab sampling (Schleppi et al, 2006;Ide et al, 2007). Kirchner et al (2004) also noted that high-frequency sampling conducted over longer time periods will yield new insights into the hydrologic and biogeochemical processes regulating stream chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of frequent storm flow data for evaluating changes in stream water chemistry following clear-cutting in Japanese headwater catchments

Oda

Ohte

Suzuki

2011

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Differences In Solute Concentrations and Exports Between Regsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Methods Of Flux Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of frequent storm flow data for evaluating changes in stream water chemistry following clear-cutting in Japanese headwater catchments

Oda

Ohte

Suzuki

2011

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Schleppi et al observed, that if concentrations were discharge dependent, methods (1) and (2) could generate strongly biased results towards under-or overestimation of nutrient export. According to Schleppi et al (2006), the regression-based calculation is the best approach. To be as accurate as possible in the export calculation we tested three possible concentration dependencies (time-, discharge-dependent, no relation) separately for all measured parameters (NO 3 , SO 4 , TOC, Ca, Mg, Na and K) and for each station.…”

Section: Nutrient Export Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solute behaviour and export rates in neotropical montane catchments under different land-uses

2011

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Abstract:To improve our knowledge of the influence of land-use on solute behaviour and export rates in neotropical montane catchments we investigated total organic carbon (TOC), Ca, Mg, Na, K, NO 3 and SO 4 concentrations during April 2007-May 2008 at different flow conditions and over time in six forested and pasture-dominated headwaters (0.7-76 km 2 ) in Ecuador. NO 3 and SO 4 concentrations decreased during the study period, with a continual decrease in NO 3 and an abrupt decrease in February 2008 for SO 4 . We attribute this to changing weather regimes connected to a weakening La Niña event. Stream Na concentration decreased in all catchments, and Mg and Ca concentration decreased in all but the forested catchments during storm flow. Under all land-uses TOC increased at high flows. The differences in solute behaviour during storm flow might be attributed to largely shallow subsurface and surface flow paths in pasture streams on the one hand, and a predominant origin of storm flow from the organic layer in the forested streams on the other hand. Nutrient export rates in the forested streams were comparable to the values found in literature for tropical streams. They amounted to 6-8 kg ha for SO 4 . Our data contradict the assumption that nutrient export increases with the loss of forest cover. For NO 3 we observed a positive correlation of export value and percentage forest cover.

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“…Release of soil and sediment particles and erosion also exhibit threshold-like behavior (Sichingabula 1998;Ternat et al 2008;Hicks et al 2000). Traditionally, univariate mathematical formulations of the relationship between concentration and discharge are used for the calculation of export coefficients and sediment yield (Walling 1977;Horowitz 2003;Schleppi et al 2006;Ide et al 2007). However, due to the complexity of processes affecting sediment dynamics, such univariate relationships (e.g., log-log rating curves between discharge and concentration) are in most situations insufficient and result in large scatter (Walling 1977;Wood 1977;Sichingabula 1998;Alexandrov et al 2007;Bača 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of storm-driven suspended sediments in a headwater catchment described by multivariable modeling

Onderka

Krein²,

Wrede

et al. 2012

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose Previous research has shown that the rate at which suspended sediment is transported in watercourses depends primarily on discharge (Q) as the first-order control, but additional factors are thought to affect suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) as well. Among these, antecedent hydrological and meteorological conditions (e.g., rainfall depth and intensity, discharge prior to a runoff event and the duration of runoff events) may represent significant transport controlling mechanisms. Univariate models using Q-SSC rating curves often produce large scatter and nonlinearity, because many of the hydrological and biotic processes affecting the dynamics of sediment are non-linear and exhibit threshold behavior. The simulation of such highly non-linear processes is therefore an elusive task requiring consideration of several interrelated controlling variables. The aim of this study was to identify the major hydrological and meteorological controls determining the dynamics of SSC during storm-runoff events and the magnitude of SSC in a headwater catchment in Luxembourg. Materials and methods A parsimonious data-driven model (M5′ modular trees) was used to simulate SSC in response to the identified controlling variables. Antecedent hydrometeorological variables (e.g., antecedent precipitation depths, antecedent precipitation indices, and a suit of hydrological data) were used as input variables. Results and discussion Twenty-four-hour antecedent runoff volumes were determined as the major control explaining sediment depletion effects during high-flow periods, and a gradual decline of SSC as a runoff event progresses. The modeling results obtained by M5′ trees were then compared to conventional power-law rating curves. The M5′ model outperformed the rating-curve by being successful in describing the shape and magnitude of the analyzed sedigraphs. Therefore, we propose that incorporating antecedent hydrometeorological data into SSC prediction models may strongly enhance the accuracy of export coefficients. Two splitting criteria identified by the M5′ model tree (Q and antecedent runoff volume) were found and are discussed as possible thresholds responsible for the greatest nonlinearity in the Q-SSC relationship. Conclusions Our study highlights the dominant antecedent hydro-meteorological conditions acting as the major controls on the magnitude of SSC during episodic events in the headwater Huewelerbach catchment in Luxembourg. For future application, it would be interesting to extend and test the data-mining approach presented in this paper to other catchments, where other controls on sediment transport may be identified.

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Errors of flux integration methods for solutes in grab samples of runoff water, as compared to flow-proportional sampling

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Importance of frequent storm flow data for evaluating changes in stream water chemistry following clear-cutting in Japanese headwater catchments

Importance of frequent storm flow data for evaluating changes in stream water chemistry following clear-cutting in Japanese headwater catchments

Solute behaviour and export rates in neotropical montane catchments under different land-uses

Dynamics of storm-driven suspended sediments in a headwater catchment described by multivariable modeling

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