Respiratory health in children is essential for general wellbeing and healthy development on the short and long term. It is well known that many respiratory diseases in adulthood have their origins in early life, and therefore research on prevention of respiratory diseases and management of children with respiratory diseases will benefit patients during the full life course. Scientific and clinical advances in the field of respiratory health are moving at a fast pace. This article summarises some of the highlights in paediatric respiratory medicine presented at the hybrid European Respiratory Society International Congress 2023 which took place in Milan (Italy). Selected sessions are summarised by Early Career Members of the Pediatrics Assembly (Assembly 7) under the supervision of senior ERS officers. It covers a wide range of research areas in children, including respiratory physiology and sleep, asthma and allergy, cystic fibrosis, respiratory infection and immunology, neonatology and intensive care, respiratory epidemiology and bronchology.