Ertragsbildung von getreidereichen Fruchtfolgen und Getreide‐monokulturen in einem extensiven und intensiven Anbausystem

Abstract

Yield formation in cereal‐rich crop rotations and monocultures in an extensive and intensive crop‐management system In a long duration trial, conducted from 1979/80 to 1992 at TU‐Munich's research station in Roggenstein, the performance of monocultures of winter wheat, winter barley and winter rye, as well as numerous cereal‐crop rotations were compared in an extensive and intensive crop‐management system. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. Over the course of 13 years, the influence of the immediately preceding crop on the yield of the main crops was of much greater significance than the rotation as a whole. With winter wheat, no yield differences could be observed between monoculture and cereal crop rotation (if the rotation did not include oats). Oats, rape, field bean, pea, potato and maize as preceding crops, however, in crop management systems, led to, on average, an increase in yield of 13 dt/ha from the following wheat. Winter barley yields were not significantly different in monoculture, cereal crop rotations and crop rotations containing 66% cereals. Furthermore, winter rye yields were the same in monocultures and cereal crop rotations. With all cereals, intensification of fertilizing and chemical plant protection led to a considerable increase in yield, but did not diminish the effects of the preceding crop. Hence, even with the use of modern agronomical techniques it is impossible to compensate for yield losses due to crop rotation.

Growth and yield of winter wheat in the first 3 years of a monoculture under varying N fertilization in NW Germany

“…However, even a N supply exceeding the N requirement only partly decreased the yield losses due to an unfavorable preceding crop (combination) (Widdowson et al, 1985;Prew et al, 1986;Panse et al, 1994). Our results indicated that both, the first N application at the beginning of growth in spring and also the second N application at stem elongation, should be increased in order to reduce yield losses in wheat following wheat due to a lower ear density.…”

“…In order to increase ear density, the amount of N fertilizer, especially at the start of spring growth, showed positive results (Widdowson et al, 1985;Prew et al, 1986;Christen et al, 1992). However, most of the results available in the literature indicate that it is not possible to completely compensate for the detrimental influences of an unfavorable preceding crop on the grain yield of the subsequent wheat crop by optimizing crop management (Panse et al, 1994;Christen, 1998). Despite a large number of separate field experiments dealing with single factors, very little results about the interaction of various treatments are available.…”