Erysipelothrix inopinata sp. nov., isolated in the course of sterile filtration of vegetable peptone broth, and description of Erysipelotrichaceae fam. nov.

Verbarg, Susanne; Rheims, Holger; Emus, Sabine; Frühling, Anja; Kroppenstedt, Reiner M.; Stackebrandt, Erko; Schümann, Peter

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02898-0

Cited by 489 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Later definitions restricted the term ultramicrobacteria to cells with a volume of Ͻ0.1 m 3 (10). Most isolates are slow-growing marine oligotrophs (46,51), but a few nonoligotrophic ultramicrobacteria have been retrieved from terrestrial habitats (23,65). Strain Pei191…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ultramicrobacterium “ Elusimicrobium minutum ” gen. nov., sp. nov., the First Cultivated Representative of the Termite Group 1 Phylum

Geissinger

Herlemann

Mörschel

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

169

103

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Insect intestinal tracts harbor several novel, deep-rooting clades of as-yet-uncultivated bacteria whose biology is typically completely unknown. Here, we report the isolation of the first representative of the termite group 1 (TG1) phylum from sterile-filtered gut homogenates of a humivorous scarab beetle larva. Strain Pei191T is a mesophilic, obligately anaerobic ultramicrobacterium with a gram-negative cell envelope. Cells are typically rod shaped, but cultures are pleomorphic in all growth phases (0.3 to 2.5 μm long and 0.17 to 0.3 μm wide). The isolate grows heterotrophically on sugars and ferments d-galactose, d-glucose, d-fructose, d-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine to acetate, ethanol, hydrogen, and alanine as major products but only if amino acids are present in the medium. PCR-based screening and comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain Pei191T belongs to the “intestinal cluster,” a lineage of hitherto uncultivated bacteria present in arthropod and mammalian gut systems. It is only distantly related to the previously described so-called “endomicrobia” lineage, which comprises mainly uncultivated endosymbionts of termite gut flagellates. We propose the name “Elusimicrobium minutum” gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain, Pei191T = ATCC BAA-1559T = JCM 14958T) for the first isolate of this deep-branching lineage and the name “Elusimicrobia” phyl. nov. for the former TG1 phylum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ultramicrobacterium “ Elusimicrobium minutum ” gen. nov., sp. nov., the First Cultivated Representative of the Termite Group 1 Phylum

Geissinger

Herlemann

Mörschel

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

169

103

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“…13,15,19 In addition, another proposed species, Erysipelothrix inopinata, has also recently been described. 21 Acute septicemia in U.S. swine is typically associated with serotype 1a. 24 Subacute and chronic cases are typically associated with serotype 2; however, all clinical forms of erysipelas can be induced experimentally in susceptible pigs with serotypes 1a or 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

Erysipelothrix Spp. Genotypes, Serotypes, and Surface Protective Antigen Types Associated with Abattoir Condemnations

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The objective of the current study was to investigate characteristics of Erysipelothrix spp. from slaughter condemnations. Specimens from 70 carcasses with lesions suspect for swine erysipelas were collected at an abattoir in Iowa from October 2007 to February 2009. Erysipelothrix spp. were isolated from 59 of 70 carcasses (84.3%). Abattoir inspectors classified lesions as acute, subacute, or chronic; 8 of 8 (100%) were acute cases, 31 of 32 (96.9%) were subacute cases, and 20 of 30 (66.6%) were chronic cases that were isolation positive. The following serotypes were identified: 1a (40.7%; 24/59), 2 (49.2%; 29/59), 7 (1/59), 10 (1/59), 11 (1/59), and untypeable (5.1%; 3/59). Serotypes 1a and 2 were identified in pigs with acute, subacute, or chronic clinical manifestations, whereas serotypes 7, 10, and 11 were only present in chronic cases. Fifty-seven of the 59 isolates were determined to belong to E. rhusiopathiae, and 2 of 59 of the isolates were determined to be E. tonsillarum by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. Surface protective antigen (spa) A was detected in all E. rhusiopathiae isolates but not in E. tonsillarum serotypes 7 and 10. The results of the present study indicate that E. rhusiopathiae serotypes 1a and 2 continue to be commonly isolated from condemned pig carcasses and that spaA is the exclusive spa type in U.S. abattoir isolates. Interestingly, E. tonsillarum, thought to be avirulent for swine, was isolated from systemic sites from 3.4% of the carcasses that were negative for E. rhusiopathiae, indicating the potential importance of this genotype in erysipelas pathogenesis.

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“…Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin also argues for the absence of a peptidoglycan layer, as in the wall-less mollicutes but unlike the members of the Firmicutes, namely, the species of the genus Gemella (26) and walled mollicutes where penicillin sensitivity has been examined (21). The ability to be filtered through 450-nm pore membrane filters, typical colonies with a "fried-egg"-like appearance, and the unusual cellular contractility and dynamic morphology of this isolate also indicates the lack of a rigid cell wall and evokes the flagellum-independent movements seen in the strains of the genus Spiroplasma (22,32). However, the new organism possesses a central coccoid body which is not found in the species of the genus Spiroplasma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Lineage of Halophilic, Wall-Less, Contractile Bacteria from a Brine-Filled Deep of the Red Sea

et al. 2008

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A novel strictly anaerobic bacterium designated strain SSD-17BT was isolated from the hypersaline brinesediment interface of the Shaban Deep, Red Sea. Cells were pleomorphic but usually consisted of a central coccoid body with one or two "tentacle-like" protrusions. These protrusions actively alternated between a straight, relaxed form and a contracted, corkscrew-like one. A peptidoglycan layer was not detected by electron microscopy. The organism forms "fried-egg"-like colonies on MM-X medium. The organism is strictly anaerobic and halophilic and has an optimum temperature for growth of about 30 to 37°C and an optimum pH of about 7. Nitrate and nitrite are reduced; lactate is a fermentation product. The fatty acid profile is dominated by straight saturated and unsaturated chain compounds. Menaquinone 4 is the major respiratory quinone. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated strain SSD-17B T represents a novel and distinct lineage within the radiation of the domain Bacteria. The branching position of strain SSD-17BT was equidistant to the taxa considered to be representative lineages of the phyla Firmicutes and Tenericutes (with its sole class Mollicutes). The phenotypic and phylogenetic data clearly show the distinctiveness of this unusual bacterium, and we therefore propose that strain SSD-17BT ‫؍(‬ DSM 18853 ‫؍‬ JCM 14575) represents a new genus and a new species, for which we recommend the name Haloplasma contractile gen. nov., sp. nov. We are also of the opinion that the organism represents a new order-level taxon, for which we propose the name Haloplasmatales.The divergent movement of the African and Arabian tectonic plates, which is associated with deposition of new oceanic crust, led to the formation of several isolated topographical depressions within the Red Sea basin (4). Redissolution of buried Miocenic evaporites and/or hydrothermal phase separation, followed by upward migration to the seafloor and later accumulation in enclosed depressions, filled as many as 25 such deeps with highly saline water (13,15). In addition to their common extreme salinity (up to 27% [wt/vol] NaCl), all of these brines are anoxic, are enriched in metals and hydrocarbons, and have temperatures higher than 21.7°C, which is the mean deep-seawater temperature of the Red Sea (13, 29).The brine-filled deeps of the Red Sea represent a rare type of extreme environment and were considered to be sterile as recently as the late 1960s (34). Few studies have focused on the microbiology of these biotopes, resulting in only a few microbial isolates (1, 2, 10). Phylogenetic studies have, however, revealed an unexpectedly high microbial diversity (10, 11). Parallel studies, focusing on the microbiology of analogous deep-sea brines located in the eastern Mediterranean Sea further corroborate the extensive microbiological diversity in such biotopes (8).Samples for geochemical and microbiological studies were retrieved from the northernmost brine-filled deeps of the Red Sea during the RV Meteor Cruise 52/3 in 2002. Isolation attempts with a samp...

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Erysipelothrix inopinata sp. nov., isolated in the course of sterile filtration of vegetable peptone broth, and description of Erysipelotrichaceae fam. nov.

Cited by 489 publications

References 19 publications

The Ultramicrobacterium “ Elusimicrobium minutum ” gen. nov., sp. nov., the First Cultivated Representative of the Termite Group 1 Phylum

The Ultramicrobacterium “ Elusimicrobium minutum ” gen. nov., sp. nov., the First Cultivated Representative of the Termite Group 1 Phylum

Erysipelothrix Spp. Genotypes, Serotypes, and Surface Protective Antigen Types Associated with Abattoir Condemnations

A New Lineage of Halophilic, Wall-Less, Contractile Bacteria from a Brine-Filled Deep of the Red Sea

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