Erythema‐multiforme‐like eruption following photoallergic contact dermatitis from oxybenzone

Zhang, Xiaomin; Nakagawa, Mikio; Kawai, Keiichi; Kawai, K.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05637.x

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Following 24 h of human epidermal exposure to sunscreens, detectable amounts of all sunscreens were present in the stratum corneum and viable epidermis, systemic absorption of sunscreens into man [3][4][5][6] or their adverse effects on isolated human cell cultures [7][8][9] . In addition, sunscreens have been associated with photoallergic reactions [10][11][12] , although the incidence in the exposed population is rare [13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunscreen Penetration of Human Skin and Related Keratinocyte Toxicity after Topical Application

Hayden

Cross

Anderson

et al. 2005

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

114

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Sunscreen skin penetration and safety assessment should be considered together in order to ensure that in vitro cytotoxicity studies examine relevant doses of these organic chemical UV filters to which viable epidermal cells are realistically exposed. In this study, we sought to determine whether sufficient topically applied sunscreens penetrated into human viable epidermis to put the local keratinocyte cell populations at risk of toxicity. The penetration and retention of five commonly used sunscreen agents (avobenzone, octinoxate, octocrylene, oxybenzone and padimate O) in human skin was evaluated after application in mineral oil to isolated human epidermal membranes. Sunscreen concentration–human keratinocyte culture response curves were then defined using changes in cell morphology and proliferation (DNA synthesis using radiolabelled thymidine uptake studies) as evidence of sunscreens causing toxicity. Following 24 h of human epidermal exposure to sunscreens, detectable amounts of all sunscreens were present in the stratum corneum and viable epidermis, with epidermal penetration most evident with oxybenzone. The concentrations of each sunscreen found in human viable epidermis after topical application, adjusting for skin partitioning and binding effects, were at least 5-fold lower, based on levels detected in viable epidermal cells, than those appearing to cause toxicity in cultured human keratinocytes. It is concluded that the human viable epidermal levels of sunscreens are too low to cause any significant toxicity to the underlying human keratinocytes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunscreen Penetration of Human Skin and Related Keratinocyte Toxicity after Topical Application

Hayden

Cross

Anderson

et al. 2005

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

114

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show abstract

“…In clinical evaluation, obtaining a detailed history of environmental exposures and medications with attention to details is essential because, sometimes, the source of exposure to allergen is not so obvious, and allergens may be transferred from one body part to another (ectopic) or from one person to another (connubial). Atypical morphologies like erythema multiforme-like reactions and lichenoid reactions are rarely reported (56,57).…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Photoallergy

Honari¹

2014

Reviews on Environmental Health

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“…The most common cause of photoallergy was the organic compound BP-3. BP-3 has been associated with endocrine dysfunction, anti-estrogenic activity and possible reproductive dysfunction (59,60) and linked to contact urticaria and anaphylaxis (61)(62)(63).…”

Section: Toxicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous penetration and pharmacodynamics: Wash-in and wash-off of sunscreen and insect repellent

Rodriguez

Maibach

2015

Journal of Dermatological Treatment

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Increased awareness of skin cancer and mosquito-transmitted diseases has increased use of insect repellents and sunscreens. The challenge in setting recommendations for use and reapplication, especially when used concomitantly, lies in finding the balance between applying a durable product effective in withstanding natural and physical factors such as water, sweat, temperature and abrasion, while limiting percutaneous absorption and decreasing risk of potential dermal and systemic toxicity. Inorganic sunscreens show no or little percutaneous absorption or toxic effects in comparison to organic sunscreens, which show varying levels of dermal penetration and cutaneous adverse effects. An alternative to N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), the traditional gold standard compound in insect repellents, picaridin appears as efficacious, has lower risk of toxicity, and when used simultaneously with sunscreen may decrease percutaneous absorption of both compounds. Conversely, combined use of DEET and sunscreen results in significantly higher absorption of both compounds. It is important to increase consumer awareness of "washing in" of various compounds leading to increased risk of toxicity, as well as differences in reapplication need due to "washing off" caused by water, sweat and abrasion. Although much remains to be studied, to maximize efficacy and decrease toxicity, contemporary research tools, including dermatopharmokinetics, should aid these prospective advances.

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Erythema‐multiforme‐like eruption following photoallergic contact dermatitis from oxybenzone

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Sunscreen Penetration of Human Skin and Related Keratinocyte Toxicity after Topical Application

Sunscreen Penetration of Human Skin and Related Keratinocyte Toxicity after Topical Application

Photoallergy

Percutaneous penetration and pharmacodynamics: Wash-in and wash-off of sunscreen and insect repellent

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