Erythema Multiforme

Burbulys, David B.; Young, Kelly D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75623-3_5

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Erythema multiforme occurs in patients of all ages but is most prevalent in adolescents and young adults (the peak age of 20–40 years), 1 , 7 , 8 more often in male (male-to-female ratio of 2 to 3:1). 4 , 8 There are several precipitating factors associated with the development of EM, including infections (nearly 90% cases) and medications (10% cases). 4 Viral infection, especially HSV is believed to be one of the most common etiological agents for EM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 4 , 8 There are several precipitating factors associated with the development of EM, including infections (nearly 90% cases) and medications (10% cases). 4 Viral infection, especially HSV is believed to be one of the most common etiological agents for EM. 4 , 7 , 9 The pathogenesis of herpes-associated EM begins with the transports of DNA fragments to distant skin sites by peripheral blood mononuclear cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 4 Viral infection, especially HSV is believed to be one of the most common etiological agents for EM. 4 , 7 , 9 The pathogenesis of herpes-associated EM begins with the transports of DNA fragments to distant skin sites by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. HSV genes within DNA fragments are expressed on keratinocytes, leading to the recruitment of HSV-specific CD4 + Th1 (helper T cells involved in cell-mediated immunity).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prodromal symptoms are rare but may occur one week prior to the onset of EM. 4 These include malaise, headache, fever, rhinorrhoea, sore throat, and cough. The clinical manifestation of EM is characterized by targetoid lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 The etiology of EM remains unknown, but infections, certain drugs, immune conditions, and malignancies can trigger the development of this condition. 2 , 4 Frequent episodes occurring over several years characterized recurrent erythema multiforme (REM). 5 Approximately 70% of REM cases are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Case Report: Clinical Efficacy of Combination Treatment of Dexamethasone and Azathioprine in Recurrent Erythema Multiforme

Suwarsa¹,

Dewi²,

Sutedja³

et al. 2022

IMCRJ

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Recurrent erythema multiforme (REM) may have frequent episodes over a period of several years and is considered to be a hypersensitivity reaction associated with infection or medication. REM is a mucocutaneous disorder which is characterized by targetoid lesions. Most of the cases are caused by herpes simplex virus infection. Systemic corticosteroid is frequently used to treat REM due to its effects in suppressing the disease. When REM is unresponsive to systemic corticosteroid, steroid-sparing treatment needs to be instituted. We reported a case of REM in a 49-year-old male. There were complaints of burning sensations on the skin lesions, along with swelling on both hands. On physical examination, erythematous macules and targetoid lesions were found on both palms, arms, and legs. During hospitalization, dexamethasone 20 mg was administered in a tapering dose but new skin lesions still appeared. Two days after azathioprine 50 mg twice daily was added to the treatment, skin lesions and swelling on the patient’s hands were diminished and the burning sensation disappeared. No side effects of azathioprine were found in this patient and no recurrence until two weeks after hospitalization. This case report demonstrated the efficacy of combined treatment of dexamethasone and azathioprine for REM cases unresponsive to systemic corticosteroid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Case Report: Clinical Efficacy of Combination Treatment of Dexamethasone and Azathioprine in Recurrent Erythema Multiforme

Suwarsa¹,

Dewi²,

Sutedja³

et al. 2022

IMCRJ

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Многоформная Экссудативная Эритема У Детей: Трудности Диагностикии Современные Подходы К Терапии

Преображенская¹,

Чижевская²,

Довнар-Запольская³

2021

Педиатрия. Восточная Европа

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Многоформная экссудативная эритема (МЭ) (erythema exudativum multiforme) – острое, самоограничивающееся заболевание кожи и слизистых оболочек с чрезвычайным полиморфизмом симптомов, имеющее тенденцию к сезонности и рецидивирующему течению. Патогенез МЭ в настоящее время изучен и считается реакцией гиперчувствительности IV типа, основным триггером которой являются некоторые инфекции и лекарственные средства. Заболевание распространено повсеместно, поражает как детей, так и взрослых и наиболее часто возникает в весенне-осенний период. МЭ требует особого внимания со стороны педиатров, терапевтов, дерматологов и аллергологов, начиная от осмотра пациента. Многие специалисты (не дерматологи) осуществляют гипердиагностику МЭ, относя пациентов с крапивницей в категорию МЭ. В данном случае правильный диагноз может предотвратить необоснованные ограничения (диеты и прием некоторых препаратов) в течение длительного времени, а также назначение необоснованной терапии системными глюкокортикостероидами.В статье подробно раскрыты вопросы современного понятия «многоформная экссудативная эритема», изложены этиология, клиника, современные подходы к диагностике и лечению этого заболевания у детей. Multiform erythema is acute, self-limiting disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes with a very high polymorphism of symptoms. It has a tendency to seasonality of rash and cycles of relapse.The pathomechanism of multiform erythema is well studied, and is considered to be a reaction of hypersensitivity type IV, the main trigger of which is some infections and drugs. The disease is widespread and affects both children and adults. It is most common during spring and autumn. Multiform erythema requires a multifaceted approach from the pediatricians, therapists, dermatologists, and allergists, which starts with the examination of patient. Many specialists (notdermatologists) overdiagnose multiform erythema and classify the patients with hives to the category of multiform erythema. In this case, the correct diagnosis can help to avoid unreasonable restrictions (diets and some prescriptions) during a long period of time, as well as prescription of unreasonable treatment with glucocorticosteroids.The article provides a detailed review of the contemporary phenomenon of multiform erythema, detailed etiology, clinical picture, contemporary approaches to diagnostics and treatment of this disease in children.

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Erythema Multiforme

Cited by 2 publications

References 116 publications

A Case Report: Clinical Efficacy of Combination Treatment of Dexamethasone and Azathioprine in Recurrent Erythema Multiforme

A Case Report: Clinical Efficacy of Combination Treatment of Dexamethasone and Azathioprine in Recurrent Erythema Multiforme

Многоформная Экссудативная Эритема У Детей: Трудности Диагностикии Современные Подходы К Терапии

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