Erythromycin loaded by tetrahedral framework nucleic acids are more antimicrobial sensitive against Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Abstract

Erythromycin is a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic, but resistance to this antibiotic makes its use less effective. Considerable efforts, beside finding alternatives, are needed to enhance its antimicrobial effect and stability against bacteria. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), a novel delivery vehicle with a three-dimensional nanostructure, have been studied as a carrying platform of antineoplastic drugs. In this study, the use of tFNAs in delivering erythromycin into Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) was investigated for the first time. The tFNAs vehicle increased the bacterial uptake of erythromycin and promoted membrane destabilization. Moreover, it increased the permeability of the bacterial cell wall, and reduced drug resistance by improving the movement of the drug across the membrane. The tFNAs-based delivery system enhanced the effects of erythromycin against E. coli . It may therefore provide an effective delivery vehicle for erythromycin in targeting antibiotic-resistant bacteria with thick cell wall.

The Neuroprotective Effect of MicroRNA‐22‐3p Modified Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids on Damaged Retinal Neurons Via TrkB/BDNF Signaling Pathway

“…The synthesis of tFNAs had been well described in the authors’ previous study. [ 58–60 ] The preparation of tFNAs‐miR22 is, in short, the synthesis of three single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA‐S1, S2, S4, Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China, Table S1, Supporting Information) and a single‐stranded DNA modified by miR‐22 (S3‐miR‐22‐3p, Table S1, Supporting Information) synthesized according to the same synthesis method as that of tFNAs. The exact procedure is detailed in the Supporting Information.…”

“…PAGE gel electrophoresis was performed at different time points (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h) to detect the grayscale intensity of the mixture. [ 58 ]…”

Anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin-loaded tetrahedral framework nucleic acids on acute gouty arthritis

“…Then, ssDNAs and TM buffer (50 mM MgCl 2 and 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0) were mixed. TFNAs were successfully synthesized by heating (95 • C, 10 min) and then cooling (4 • C, 20 min) [33]. Cur was dissolved in DMSO in advance.…”

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids-based delivery of microRNA-155 inhibits choroidal neovascularization by regulating the polarization of macrophages

“…Due to the source of its components, its good biosafety and biocompatibility have been proven in previous studies [ [26] , [27] , [28] ]. In addition, accumulating evidence shows that tFNAs quickly penetrate cells and enter mammalian cells through pore-mediated endocytosis due to their special three-dimensional structure and remain intact for up to 48 h [ [29] , [30] , [31] ]. At the same time, tFNAs escape from lysosomes through nuclear localization signals, which ensure their stability and efficiency in the process of gene delivery [ 32 , 33 ].…”