Escape and surveillance asymmetries in locusts exposed to a Guinea fowl-mimicking robot predator

Romano, Donato; Benelli, Giovanni; Stefanini, Cesare

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12941-z

Cited by 55 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Population level asymmetries have been identified not only in eusocial or gregarious species, but also in interactions of "solitary" species. Some examples include aggressive/mating contexts in solitary mason bees 9 , blowfly and tephritid flies 19,20 , locusts during predator surveillance 29 . There are also examples of population asymmetries in nominally solitary behaviors in solitary species, including: sensory asymmetries in nematodes 30 , Drosophila larvae 31 and adults 32 .…”

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Individual, but not population asymmetries, are modulated by social environment and genotype in Drosophila melanogaster

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Caffini

Werkhoven

et al. 2020

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theory predicts that social interactions can induce an alignment of behavioral asymmetries between individuals (i.e., population-level lateralization), but evidence for this effect is mixed. To understand how interaction with other individuals affects behavioral asymmetries, we systematically manipulated the social environment of Drosophila melanogaster, testing individual flies and dyads (female-male, female-female and male-male pairs). In these social contexts we measured individual and population asymmetries in individual behaviors (circling asymmetry, wing use) and dyadic behaviors (relative position and orientation between two flies) in five different genotypes. We reasoned that if coordination between individuals drives alignment of behavioral asymmetries, greater alignment at the populationlevel should be observed in social contexts compared to solitary individuals. We observed that the presence of other individuals influenced the behavior and position of flies but had unexpected effects on individual and population asymmetries: individual-level asymmetries were strong and modulated by the social context but population-level asymmetries were mild or absent. Moreover, the strength of individual-level asymmetries differed between strains, but this was not the case for populationlevel asymmetries. These findings suggest that the degree of social interaction found in Drosophila is insufficient to drive population-level behavioral asymmetries.Consistent left-right asymmetries in brain and behavior are widespread among animal species 1-4 . For instance, the vast majority of people is right handed (a behavior controlled by the left hemisphere), and an advantage of using the left eye (right hemisphere) has been observed in agonistic interactions in chicks 5 , lizards 6 , toads 7 and baboons 8 , while in bees the use of left antennae enhances aggressive behavior 9 and the use of the right antenna is involved in social behavior 10 . In these cases, when asymmetries are aligned on the same side in the majority of the population, we consider this population-level lateralization or directional asymmetry. In other cases, individuals exhibit strong and consistent preferences for one side, but these are not aligned at the population level and we define these cases individual-level lateralization or antisymmetry.How the presence of other individuals influences these asymmetries at the individual and group level remains largely unknown. Mathematical models suggest that selective pressures associated with living in social contexts enhance the alignment of behavioral asymmetries (population-level lateralization), due to the advantages of coordinating between individuals 11,12 . This hypothesis predicts population-level asymmetries in social contexts more than in individual contexts, for the contexts that occurred repeatedly in the course of evolution (for a recent review see 13 ). The growing evidence on the effect of the social context on asymmetric behavior, though, is mixed 9,14 . Contexts that are expected to elicit coord...

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confidence: 99%

Individual, but not population asymmetries, are modulated by social environment and genotype in Drosophila melanogaster

Versace

Caffini

Werkhoven

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Population level asymmetries have been identified not only in eusocial or gregarious species, but also in interactions of "solitary" species. Some examples include aggressive/mating contexts in solitary mason bees 9 , blowfly and tephritid flies 19,20 , locusts during predator surveillance 28 . There are also examples of population asymmetries in nominally solitary behaviors in solitary species, including: sensory asymmetries in nematodes 29 , Drosophila larvae 30 and adults 31 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Individual, but not population asymmetries, are modulated by social environment and genotype inDrosophila melanogaster

Versace

Caffini

Werkhoven

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Theory predicts that social interactions can induce an alignment of behavioral asymmetries between individuals (i.e., population-level lateralization), but evidence for this effect is mixed. To understand how interaction with other individuals affects behavioral asymmetries, we systematically manipulated the social environment of Drosophila melanogaster, testing individual flies and dyads (female-male, female-female and male-male pairs). In these social contexts we measured individual and population asymmetries in individual behaviors (circling asymmetry, wing use) and dyadic behaviors (relative position and orientation between two flies) in five different genotypes. We reasoned that if coordination between individuals drives alignment of behavioral asymmetries, greater alignment at the population-level should be observed in social contexts compared to solitary individuals. We observed that the presence of other individuals influenced the behavior and position of flies but had unexpected effects with respect to individual and population asymmetries: individual-level asymmetries were strong and modulated by the social context but population-level asymmetries were mild or absent. Moreover, the strength of individual-level asymmetries differed between strains, but this was not the case for population-level asymmetries. These findings suggest that the degree of social interaction found in Drosophila is insufficient to drive population-level behavioral asymmetries.

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“…However, for more complex geometries, one has to solve the space-dependent BTE, which gives κ eff /κ bulk = B 0 (Λ)S(Λ, Ω)dΛ, where f = 4π f (Ω)dΩ −1 is an angular average along the solid angle Ω, representing phonon direction. Generally, S(Λ, Ω), the "directional" suppression function [20], depends on K(Λ) itself [21]; thus the phonon suppression at a given Λ depends on the whole bulk spectrum. Consequently, the notion of diffusive and ballistic regimes has to be revisited in order to incorporate the coupling between phonons at different MFPs.…”

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“…Once Eqs. (2-3) are solved iteratively, we compute the directional suppression function [20] S(Λ, where…”

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Diffusive Phonons in Nongray Nanostructures

Romano

Kolpak

2018

Journal of Heat Transfer

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Nanostructured semiconducting materials are promising candidates for thermoelectrics due to their potential to suppress phonon transport while preserving electrical properties. Modeling phonon-boundary scattering in complex geometries is crucial for predicting materials with high conversion efficiency. However, the simultaneous presence of ballistic and diffusive phonons challenges the development of models that are both accurate and computationally tractable. Using the recently developed first-principles Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) approach, we investigate diffusive phonons in nanomaterials with wide mean-free-path (MFP) distributions. First, we derive the short MFP limit of the suppression function, showing that it does not necessarily recover the value predicted by standard diffusive transport, challenging previous assumptions. Second, we identify a Robin type boundary condition describing diffuse surfaces within Fourier's law, extending the validity of diffusive heat transport in terms of Knudsen numbers. Finally, we use this result to develop a hybrid Fourier/BTE approach to model realistic materials, obtaining excellent agreement with experiments. These results provide insight on thermal transport in materials that are within experimental reach and open opportunities for large-scale screening of nanostructured thermoelectric materials.Due to their ability to convert heat directly into electricity, thermoelectric (TE) materials have a wide range of applications, including waste heat recovery [1], wearable devices [2], and deep-space missions [3]. Widespread of TE materials is limited, however, by the simultaneous requirement for low thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity, a condition that is rarely met in natural materials [4]. Nanostructured materials overcome this limitation in that heat-carrying phonons have mean free paths MFPs (Λ) larger than the limiting dimension, L c , resulting in strong thermal transport suppression [5]. On the other side, electrons have MFPs that are typically as small as a few nanometers thus their size effects are mostly negligible [6]. Notable nanostructures, including thin films [7], nanowires [8,9], and porous materials [10][11][12][13][14][15], show a significant suppression in thermal conductivity with respect to the bulk, holding promises for high-efficiency thermal energy conversion.In the case of materials with wide bulk MFP distribution, K(Λ), the effective thermal conductivity (κ eff ) can be conveniently computed by κ eff /κ bulk = B 0 (Λ)S(Kn)dΛ, where κ bulk is the bulk thermal conductivity, Kn = Λ/L c is the Knudsen number, S(Kn) is the material-independent, suppression function [16], andis a bulk material property, which can be computed from first-principles [17]. This approach, which we refer to as the "non-interacting model," treats phonons with different MFPs separately, with the diffusive regime (i.e., for short Kns) as described by standard Fourier's law; on the other hand, the suppression function associated with ballistic phonons (i.e....

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Escape and surveillance asymmetries in locusts exposed to a Guinea fowl-mimicking robot predator

Cited by 55 publications

References 83 publications

Individual, but not population asymmetries, are modulated by social environment and genotype in Drosophila melanogaster

Individual, but not population asymmetries, are modulated by social environment and genotype in Drosophila melanogaster

Individual, but not population asymmetries, are modulated by social environment and genotype inDrosophila melanogaster

Diffusive Phonons in Nongray Nanostructures

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