Escape to Freedom?

Fromm, Erika

doi:10.1037/0012153

Cited by 65 publications

(96 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, it has been argued that, with increasing age, people become more aware of their genuinely endorsed goals and are more skilled to act in accordance with them (Sheldon & Kasser, 2001). This developmental change would be indicative of individuals' growth orientation, that is, the tendency to evolve toward increasing self-actualization and integration (Fromm, 1941;Vansteenkiste et al, 2010). As expected, the cross-lagged longitudinal analyses showed that the answer to the question of whether oppositional defiance yields more autonomy depended on the conceptualization of autonomy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…This longitudinal study aimed to shed a nuanced light on this question by differentiating between two conceptualizations of autonomy, that is, autonomy as distance and autonomy as volition (Ryan & Lynch, 1989). This distinction is reminiscent of the distinction between two conceptualizations of freedom that were forwarded decades ago in philosophical accounts (Berlin, 1958;Fromm, 1941Fromm, , 1947. On the one hand, autonomy as interpersonal distance (referred to as freedom from in philosophical writings) refers to the absence of any kind of external limits or interference by authority figures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Examining the longitudinal association between oppositional defiance and autonomy in adolescence.

Petegem¹,

Vansteenkiste²,

Soenens³

et al. 2015

Developmental Psychology

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In this longitudinal study, we tested whether the association between oppositional defiance to parental authority (i.e., adolescents' tendency to bluntly reject parental rules) and autonomy would depend upon the specific conceptualization of autonomy. Whereas oppositional defiance would yield more interpersonal distance from parents, because it involves turning away from parental authority, it would also yield less volitional functioning, as oppositional defiance would come at the expense of acting upon one's personal values and interests. A sample of 387 middle and late adolescents (age range ϭ 14 -20 years at Time 1) filled out questionnaires at 2 time points, separated by a 2-year interval. With increasing age, adolescents reported less oppositional defiance and more volitional functioning. Late adolescents in particular reported less interpersonal distance from their parents. Cross-lagged analyses indicated that oppositional defiance predicted increases in interpersonal distance as well as decreases in volitional functioning across time. Conversely, higher scores on volitional functioning predicted decreases in oppositional defiance. These findings emphasize the necessity of a differentiated approach to autonomy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Examining the longitudinal association between oppositional defiance and autonomy in adolescence.

Petegem¹,

Vansteenkiste²,

Soenens³

et al. 2015

Developmental Psychology

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show abstract

“…Indeed, the idea is reminiscent of the displacement (or scapegoating) argument that the threat of ingroup inferiority posed by a superior outgroup can lead to prejudice toward an unrelated target (see Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswick, Levinson, & Sanford;Allport, 1954;Fromm, 1941). Although not based in psychodynamic theory, some prejudice research has shown that the threat of inferiority prompted by one outgroup is associated with malicious feelings toward an unrelated outgroup (e.g., Campbell, 1971;Kessler & Mummendey, 2001;Vanneman & Pettigrew, 1972).…”

Section: The Threat Of Status Inferiority Should Increase Schadenfreudementioning

confidence: 99%

Malicious pleasure: Schadenfreude at the suffering of another group.

Leach

Spears²,

Branscombe

et al. 2003

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

357

292

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Two studies examined intergroup schadenfreude --malicious pleasure at an outgroup's misfortune. Study 1 showed that schadenfreude regarding a German loss in soccer was increased by interest in soccer and threats of Dutch inferiority. The effect of inferiority threat was especially strong for participants less interested in soccer, as the more interested showed relatively high schadenfreude. Study 2 replicated these effects by showing a similar pattern of schadenfreude regarding losses by Germany and Italy in another setting. However, schadenfreude toward legitimately superior Italy was lower when a norm of honest and direct expression was made salient to participants lower in soccer interest. These results establish schadenfreude as an emotion that is moderated by the salient dimensions of particular intergroup relations.

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“…The most commonly mentioned condition is that people are sufficiently "mature." If people are incapable of making a choice, they will "fear freedom" and seek refuge under authoritarian leaders and strict rules for life (e.g., Fromm, 1941). In this line it is also argued that freedom adds to happiness only in rich nations, since material needs predominate in poor nations.…”

Section: Assumed Effects On Happinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freedom and Quality of Life

Veenhoven¹

2014

Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research

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Escape to Freedom?

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Examining the longitudinal association between oppositional defiance and autonomy in adolescence.

Examining the longitudinal association between oppositional defiance and autonomy in adolescence.

Malicious pleasure: Schadenfreude at the suffering of another group.

Freedom and Quality of Life

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