Escherichia coli virulence genes profile of surface waters as an indicator of water quality

Masters, Nicole; Wiegand, Aaron; Ahmed, Warish; Katouli, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.018

Cited by 51 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The prevalence of the astA gene was statistically higher (ANOVA, P Ͻ 0.001) than that of the stx 1 , ST, LT, and cdtB genes. The high prevalence of E. coli strains carrying the astA gene in fresh and estuarine water has also been reported previously (22) and could potentially be due to its reported presence in many commensal E. coli isolates (38). The results of this study showing the presence of the astA gene in diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes EAEC, EHEC, and EPEC are in agreement with the previously reported wide distribution of this gene among diarrheagenic E. coli isolates from humans and animals (30,39,40).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, the distribution of diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes in freshwater, especially after storm events, still remains relatively unknown. In a recent study, an increase in E. coli VGs after enrichment of water samples collected after rainfall have been reported (22); however, in the absence of actual isolates, no conclusions could be drawn regarding the relative prevalence of pathotypes carrying VGs or prevalence of potentially pathogenic E. coli.…”

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confidence: 95%

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Occurrence of Virulence Genes Associated with Diarrheagenic Pathotypes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Surface Water

Sidhu

Ahmed

Hodgers

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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c Escherichia coli isolates (n ‫؍‬ 300) collected from six sites in subtropical Brisbane, Australia, prior to and after storm events were tested for the presence of 11 virulence genes (VGs) specific to diarrheagenic pathotypes. The presence of eaeA, stx 1 , stx 2 , and ehxA genes specific for the enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) pathotype was detected in 56%, 6%, 10%, and 13% of isolates, respectively. The VGs astA (69%) and aggR (29%), carried by enteroaggregative (EAEC) pathotypes, were frequently detected in E. coli isolates. The enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) gene bfp was detected in 24% of isolates. In addition, enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) VG ipaH was also detected in 14% of isolates. During dry periods, isolates belonging to the EAEC pathotype were most commonly detected (23%), followed by EHEC (11%) and EPEC (11%). Conversely, a more uniform prevalence of pathotypes, EPEC (14%), EAEC (12%), EIEC (10%), EHEC (7%), and ETEC (7%), was observed after the storm events. The results of this study highlight the widespread occurrence of potentially diarrheagenic pathotypes in the urban aquatic ecosystems. While the presence of VGs in E. coli isolates alone is insufficient to determine pathogenicity, the presence of diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes in high frequency after the storm events could lead to increased health risks if untreated storm water were to be used for nonpotable purposes and recreational activities. Storm events can result in mobilization and transport of fecal contaminants from point sources, such as urban wastewater treatment plants, and nonpoint sources, in particular animal fecal material, to receiving water bodies. The presence of fecal contamination in rivers, lakes, and creeks can lead to the degradation of water quality and subsequently result in the water becoming unfit for potable/nonpotable uses, aquaculture, and recreational activities such as swimming and fishing (1-4).Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. commonly found in mammalian feces have been traditionally used as indicators of fecal pollution in fresh and marine waters (5, 6). After storm events, a severalfold increase in the fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) numbers occur in the surface waters (7-9). There may be several sources of E. coli that contribute to sudden increases in numbers of this bacterium in waterways, including sewage overflows, farm animals, pets, and birds. The elevated microbial contaminants in storm runoff (7, 10) and subsequently in receiving water bodies may pose a serious public health risk. Disease outbreaks related to exposure to contaminated freshwater are well documented (11)(12)(13)(14). Exposure to recreational water has been linked to high numbers (21 out of 31) of reported E. coli O157:H7 disease outbreaks in the United States from 1982 to 2002 (15). Despite the significant disease burden linked to contaminated water exposure, the prevalence of E. coli pathotypes in the urban aquatic environment is not well characterized.The majority of E. coli strains are commensal; however, some strains have ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Occurrence of Virulence Genes Associated with Diarrheagenic Pathotypes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Surface Water

Sidhu

Ahmed

Hodgers

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…This gene is necessary for intimate attachment to host epithelial cells in both the EHEC and EPEC pathotypes. This observation also contrasts with previous investigations where high prevalence of the eaeA gene (up to 96 %) was reported in surface water (Sidhu et al, 2013;Masters et al, 2011;Shelton et al, 2006).…”

Section: Usa 4 % Of the Tetracycline Resistant Isolates Were Positivecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, astA gene encoding the east1 enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin-1 astA was detected in two E. coli isolates. In contrast, other studies found a high prevalence of E. coli carrying astA gene in fresh and estuarine water (Masters et al, 2011) and storm water (Sidhu et al, 2013) probably due to its presence in many commensal E. coli isolates (Table 4). All E. coli isolates were screened for the presence of aggR gene to determine if they belong to the EAEC pathotype (carrying both astA and aggR genes).…”

Section: Usa 4 % Of the Tetracycline Resistant Isolates Were Positivementioning

confidence: 75%

Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in coliform water isolates

Stange

Sidhu

Tiehm

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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Please cite this article as: Stange, C., Sidhu, J.P.S., Tiehm, A., Toze, S., Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in coliform water isolates.International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.015 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in coliform water isolates Graphical abstract2 ABSTRACTWidespread fecal pollution of surface water may present a major health risk and a significant pathway for dissemination of antibiotic resistance bacteria. The River Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe and an important raw water source for drinking water production. A total of 100 coliform isolates obtained from River Rhine (Germany) were examined for their susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents. Resistances against amoxicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline were detected in 48 %, 11 % and 9 % of isolates respectively. The antibiotic resistance could be traced back to the resistance genes blaTEM, blaSHV, ampC, sul1, sul2, dfrA1, tet(A) and tet (B). Whereby, the ampC gene represents a special case, because its presence is not inevitably linked to a phenotypic antibiotic resistance. Multiple antibiotics resistance was often accompanied by the occurrence of class 1 or 2 integrons. E. coli isolates belonging to phylogenetic groups A and B1(commensal) were more predominant (57 %) compared to B2 and D groups (43 %) which are known to carry virulent genes. Additionally, six E. coli virulence genes were also detected. However, the prevalence of virulence genes in the E. coli isolates was low (not exceeding 4.3 % per gene) and no diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes were detected. This study demonstrates that surface water is an important reservoir of ARGs for a number of antibiotic classes such as sulfonamide, trimethoprim, betalactam-antibiotics and tetracycline. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance in coliform bacteria isolated from River Rhine provides evidence for the need to develop management strategies to limit the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria in aquatic environment.

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“…Recently a number of studies have detected the presence of these and other VGs belonging to UPEC in surface and rain tank waters (1). Similarly, Masters et al (38) found a high level of these and other VGs in all three water types. Other researchers have also shown the presence of pathogenic E. coli strains and their associated VGs originating from sewage and/or animal feces in environmental waters (26-28, 40, 42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Pathogenic Escherichia coli Found in Sewage Treatment Plants and Environmental Waters

Anastasi

Matthews

Stratton

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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113

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cWe previously demonstrated that some Escherichia coli strains with uropathogenic properties survived treatment stages of sewage treatment plants (STPs), suggesting that they may be released into the environment. We investigated the presence of such strains in the surrounding environmental waters of four STPs from which these persistent strains were isolated. In all, 264 E. coli isolates were collected from 129 receiving water sites in a 20-km radius surrounding STPs. We also included 93 E. coli strains collected from 18 animal species for comparison. Isolates were typed using a high-resolution biochemical fingerprinting method (the PhPlate system), and grouped into common (C) types. One hundred forty-seven (56%) environmental isolates were identical to strains found in STPs' final effluents. Of these, 140 (95%) carried virulence genes (VGs) associated with intestinal pathogenic E. coli (IPEC) or uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and were found in a variety of sites within areas sampled. Of the remaining 117 environmental strains not identical to STP strains, 105 belonged to 18 C types and 102 of them carried VGs found among IPEC or UPEC strains. These strains belonged mainly to phylogenetic groups A (A0 and A1) and B1 and to a lesser extent B2 2 , B2 3 , D1, and D2. Eight of 18 environmental C types, comprising 50 isolates, were also identical to bird strains. The presence of a high percentage of environmental E. coli in waters near STPs carrying VGs associated with IPEC and UPEC suggests that they may have derived from STP effluents and other nonpoint sources.

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Escherichia coli virulence genes profile of surface waters as an indicator of water quality

Cited by 51 publications

References 45 publications

Occurrence of Virulence Genes Associated with Diarrheagenic Pathotypes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Surface Water

Occurrence of Virulence Genes Associated with Diarrheagenic Pathotypes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Surface Water

Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in coliform water isolates

Pathogenic Escherichia coli Found in Sewage Treatment Plants and Environmental Waters

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