Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda

Dumas, Helene M.; Korman, Rémi

doi:10.3917/afco.238.0011

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Genocide memorials are a particularly key site for understanding these negotiations because they operate in an unstable space in the national imaginary. 2 They are critical sites for the construction of national identity via the historical narratives advanced there, but they are also places of contestation between the government’s goals for history education and genocide survivors’ desires for commemoration (Dumas and Korman, 2011; Ibreck, 2010). While acting as places of mourning and commemoration, they are also deeply involved in the RPF’s politics of memory and identity (Jessee, 2017; Korman, 2013), especially through promoting official narratives about the genocide while suppressing unofficial ones (King, 2010; Longman, 2017: 65–90).…”

Section: Contextualizing Heritage Development In Rwandamentioning

confidence: 99%

Imagining genocide heritage: Material modes of development and preservation in Rwanda

Bolin

2019

Journal of Material Culture

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The Rwandan government has undertaken ambitious development projects resulting in major changes to the country’s built environment, including the materiality of genocide heritage. This article focuses on the genocide memorials of Nyamata and Ntarama, arguing that these sites demonstrate how globally-circulating discourses of development and preservation are vernacularized, instantiated, and transformed in their encounter with the national imaginary. The forces that affect the material choices of heritage management here include Rwanda’s state-led imperative toward a particular physical ideal of development, UNESCO World Heritage-driven concepts of authenticity, and the Rwandan government’s need for evidence of genocide. Differently affecting each site, these factors result in multiple modes of material intervention. The article argues that the physical form of heritage sites is shaped by engagements between global and local discourses and ideals of heritage and development; these engagements direct the processes of preservation and intervention that ultimately determine how heritage is materialized.

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Section: Contextualizing Heritage Development In Rwandamentioning

confidence: 99%

Imagining genocide heritage: Material modes of development and preservation in Rwanda

Bolin

2019

Journal of Material Culture

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“…Moreover, the names of thousands of victims are engraved in the Wall of Names at the Kigali Genocide Memorial, and a book commissioned by the government on the genocide in Murambi contains thousands more names (African Rights 2007). The government's concern for the privacy of the dead also cannot be reconciled with its policy of burying them in mass graves or publicly displaying their mummified bodies (Vidal 2004;Burnett 2009;Jessee 2012;Dumas and Korman 2011;Korman 2015). A government confident of its work probably would want to publish the names of all victims.…”

Section: Census No 3 (2000): 1074017 Victimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘More than a million’: the politics of accounting for the dead of the Rwandan genocide

Reydams

2021

Review of African Political Economy

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Accounting for the dead after a humanitarian catastrophe is often fraught with methodological and/or political pitfalls. The genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda is a case in point. A UN Commission of Experts estimated that between April and July 1994 at least 500,000 civilians had been murdered. The post-genocide Rwandan government soon made clear that foreign help with demographic and forensic investigations was neither appreciated nor needed, and proceeded with its own counts of genocide victims. The article critically examines these counts; contrasts them with accounting efforts after the Bosnian conflict of the mid 1990s; compares the official Rwandan numbers with scholarly estimates; proposes an alternative method for calculating the death toll; and concludes that the official death toll roughly doubled the number of genocide victims. The article provides insight into how history is written in the new Rwanda.

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“…L'investissement du gouvernement rwandais dans l'organisation immédiate de commémorations nationales eut deux conséquences principales : d'une part, celle d'initier une production extensive de mémoriaux dans un pays jusque-là vide de ce type de monuments (Dumas & Korman 2011), et d'autre part celle de favoriser le caractère collectif et anonyme des inhumations. Toutefois, une grande marge de manoeuvre fut laissée aux communautés locales quant aux options esthétiques et aux choix techniques de monumentalisation ou de muséification.…”

Section: Mémorial De Murambiunclassified

Des Cadavres en masse

Anstett¹

2013

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Des cadavres en masse. Sociétés et sciences sociales face à l'impensé.En Europe comme ailleurs dans le monde, les violences extrêmes ont représenté un phénomène majeur du XX e siècle. Prenant appui sur les premiers développements du projet de recherche international "Les cadavres dans les violences de masse et les génocides", ce texte s'interroge sur la postérité des violences de masse en étudiant comment différentes sociétés ont composé avec la première conséquence de ces destructions : la production massive de cadavres. Quels statuts symboliques et sociaux ont été accordés aux cadavres ? Quels usages politiques, religieux, sociaux ou technologiques ont été faits des corps morts au Goulag, dans l'Espagne franquiste puis démocratique ou au Rwanda de l'après-génocide, durant et à l'issue des massacres ? Associant des approches anthropologiques, historiques et juridiques, et s'attachant aux trois questions de la destruction, de la recherche et de la patrimonialisation des cadavres, cette contribution propose d'éclairer comment différents traitements sociaux du corps mort sont simultanément venus défier les représentations vernaculaires de la mort, le droit et la morale, tout autant qu'ils sont venus créer un nouveau champ de recherches. ABSTRACTThe mass of cadavers. Societies and social sciences in front of the incredible. In Europe as elsewhere in the world, genocide and mass violence have been a structural feature of the 20 th century. Building on the early development of the comparative and international research project Corpses of Mass violence and Genocide, this text questions the social legacy of mass violence by studying how different societies have coped with the first consequence of mass destruction : the mass production of cadavers. What status and what value have indeed been given to these corpses ? What political, social, religious and technical uses have been made of these dead bodies in soviet Gulag, in Franco's and then democratic Spain or in post-genocidal Rwanda, both during and after the massacres ? Bringing together the perspective of social anthropology, history and law, and raising the three main issues of destruction, identification and subsequently inscription of corpses within the frame of national heritage, this contribution aims to enlighten how various social and cultural treatments of dead bodies simultaneously challenge common representation, law and ethics as well as represent a new perspective in research.

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Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Imagining genocide heritage: Material modes of development and preservation in Rwanda

Imagining genocide heritage: Material modes of development and preservation in Rwanda

‘More than a million’: the politics of accounting for the dead of the Rwandan genocide

Des Cadavres en masse

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