Espécies arbóreas utilizadas por pescadores para a construção de jangadas, Área de Proteção Ambiental Costa de Itacaré-Serra Grande, Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

ResumoOs jangadeiros são populações de pescadores artesanais das orlas marítimas que vivem no litoral nordeste brasileiro. O litoral sul da Bahia é uma das poucas regiões do litoral brasileiro onde a cultura viva da pesca com a jangada tradicional ainda persiste. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento das espécies arbóreas utilizadas para a construção de jangadas tradicionais na região sul da Bahia, investigando as possíveis origens desse conhecimento mantido pelos pescadores artesanais. O levantamento foi realizado no distrito de Serra Grande, Uruçuca, Bahia, entre abril e maio de 2013, através de 13 entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados foram analisados de forma qualitativa. Um total de 13 espécies foram citadas. As espécies mais citadas foram Apeiba tibourbou (Malvaceae) e Albizia polycephala (Fabaceae). A continuidade do conhecimento acerca da pesca artesanal com jangadas vem sendo comprometida devido à dificuldade em extrair a matéria-prima. Foi detectada a introdução de um novo componente nas jangadas tradicionais, o motor, entre quatro a sete anos atrás. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo demonstram a importância da relação da comunidade estudada com o meio em que vivem e das espécies utilizadas na confecção das jangadas, mantendo viva uma cultura que praticamente desapareceu em outras regiões. No entanto, são necessárias medidas urgentes para que essa cultura não desapareça em função de mudanças de hábitos e de dificuldades legais e logísticas para a obtenção de matéria-prima. Palavras-chave: Conservação da biodiversidade, etnobotânica, Mata Atlântica. AbstractThe "jangadeiros" are populations of artisanal fishermen of coastlines living in the northeastern Brazilian coast. Currently, it appears that only in some regions such as the southern coast of Bahia, the living culture of fishing with handmade rafts still persists. The present study aimed to survey tree species used for building handmade rafts in southern Bahia, investigating the possible sources of this knowledge kept by artisanal fishermen. The survey was conducted in the district of Serra Grande, Uruçuca, Bahia, between April and May 2013, through 13 semi-structured interviews. The results were analyzed qualitatively. A total of 13 species were cited. The most cited species are Apeiba tibourbou (Malvaceae) and Albizia polycephala (Fabaceae). The continuity of knowledge of artisanal fishing has been compromised due to the difficulty in extracting the raw material. A new component was introduced in traditional rafts, the engine, between four and seven years ago. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of the relationship of the community and the environment in which they live and the species used in the making of rafts, keeping alive a culture that disappeared in other regions. However, urgent actions are needed so that the culture does not disappear due to changes in habits and legal and logistical difficulties in obtaining raw materials.

Ethnobotany in a coastal environmental protected area: shifts in plant use in two communities in southern Brazil

“…Therefore, the environmental law was also mentioned in justifying the abandonment of plants used in the past. This tendency in abandonment of plants and practices was also observed in studies by [29, 30, 39]. …”

Fishermen do more than fish: local ecological knowledge of raftsmen about the arboreal species used to construct rafts (Bahia, Brazil)

“…Similarly, the tolda canoes are present in the São Francisco River, which is located between the northeast and southeast regions of Brazil [16]. Relatively to the large number of watercrafts and the cultural richness that these boats represent, few ethnobotanical studies have been conducted that aim to characterize how plant resources are used in the construction of these traditional watercrafts and in fishing activities [17–19].…”

“…Although the traditional raft has disappeared in many locations on the northeast shore where they were common in the past [21], there are active spots where the traditional rafts are still used and built by raftsmen. The most active region is located in a strip approximately 200 km south of Bahia State [19–22]. Along with this shore strip, there are semi-desert beaches rounded by the Atlantic Forest, where arboreal species are used as plant resources necessary for the construction and maintenance of the rafts [23–25].…”