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The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil flooding on photosynthesis, growth, and biomass partitioning of young plants of copaiba (Copaifera lucens Dwyer, Fabaceae) to investigate the possibility of using this species in restoration projects of riparian forests. Based on our results, we concluded that young plants of C. lucens are able to tolerate soil flooding for a period of approximately one month, despite significant decreases in the growth rate of roots, stomatal conductance to water vapor, and the net photosynthetic rate. These results indicate the possibility of including C. lucens in restoration programs for degraded riparian forests in regions where this species naturally occurs.

ResumoOs jangadeiros são populações de pescadores artesanais das orlas marítimas que vivem no litoral nordeste brasileiro. O litoral sul da Bahia é uma das poucas regiões do litoral brasileiro onde a cultura viva da pesca com a jangada tradicional ainda persiste. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento das espécies arbóreas utilizadas para a construção de jangadas tradicionais na região sul da Bahia, investigando as possíveis origens desse conhecimento mantido pelos pescadores artesanais. O levantamento foi realizado no distrito de Serra Grande, Uruçuca, Bahia, entre abril e maio de 2013, através de 13 entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados foram analisados de forma qualitativa. Um total de 13 espécies foram citadas. As espécies mais citadas foram Apeiba tibourbou (Malvaceae) e Albizia polycephala (Fabaceae). A continuidade do conhecimento acerca da pesca artesanal com jangadas vem sendo comprometida devido à dificuldade em extrair a matéria-prima. Foi detectada a introdução de um novo componente nas jangadas tradicionais, o motor, entre quatro a sete anos atrás. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo demonstram a importância da relação da comunidade estudada com o meio em que vivem e das espécies utilizadas na confecção das jangadas, mantendo viva uma cultura que praticamente desapareceu em outras regiões. No entanto, são necessárias medidas urgentes para que essa cultura não desapareça em função de mudanças de hábitos e de dificuldades legais e logísticas para a obtenção de matéria-prima. Palavras-chave: Conservação da biodiversidade, etnobotânica, Mata Atlântica. AbstractThe "jangadeiros" are populations of artisanal fishermen of coastlines living in the northeastern Brazilian coast. Currently, it appears that only in some regions such as the southern coast of Bahia, the living culture of fishing with handmade rafts still persists. The present study aimed to survey tree species used for building handmade rafts in southern Bahia, investigating the possible sources of this knowledge kept by artisanal fishermen. The survey was conducted in the district of Serra Grande, Uruçuca, Bahia, between April and May 2013, through 13 semi-structured interviews. The results were analyzed qualitatively. A total of 13 species were cited. The most cited species are Apeiba tibourbou (Malvaceae) and Albizia polycephala (Fabaceae). The continuity of knowledge of artisanal fishing has been compromised due to the difficulty in extracting the raw material. A new component was introduced in traditional rafts, the engine, between four and seven years ago. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of the relationship of the community and the environment in which they live and the species used in the making of rafts, keeping alive a culture that disappeared in other regions. However, urgent actions are needed so that the culture does not disappear due to changes in habits and legal and logistical difficulties in obtaining raw materials.

BackgroundTraditional raft (jangada), piúba wood raft (jangada de pau de piúba), six-log raft (jangada de seis paus), and wooden raft (jangada de pau) are some of the names given to the traditional Brazilian watercrafts created from the buoyancy of bound logs. The traditional raft is a watercraft used and built by artisan fishermen who have, throughout generations, kept and improved knowledge related to this practice and the use of the plant species they need as raw materials. Active groups of these fishermen and their watercrafts are distributed along 200 km of the coast of the state of Bahia. The fishermen interviewed in this study are at the southern limit of distribution for the use of this type of vessel.MethodsThis study aimed to characterize the use of the arboreal species applied in the construction of the traditional raft in the municipalities of Uruçuca, Ilhéus, and Canavieiras in the southern State of Bahia, Brazil. For this purpose, structured and semi-structured interviews were individually conducted with 36 fishermen, and walking tours were conducted with specialists in the construction of the watercraft.ResultsWe observed that the raftsmen use 21 species to construct the traditional raft. The features of the wood, such as density, flexibility, and availability, are the main criteria applied to choose the arboreal species. Some species are preferred, such as pau de jangada (Apeiba tibourbou) and biriba (Eschweilera ovata), which are the most frequently employed in watercraft manufacturing.ConclusionsThe southern Bahia population is familiar with the different tree species that are linked to their fishing activities. The main link between the fishermen and the useful species is present in the practice of raft construction. Currently, the restricted access to raw materials limits this practice, which consequently results in the cultural erosion of this community.