Essential fatty acid-rich diets protect against striatal oxidative damage induced by quinolinic acid in rats

Abstract

Essential fatty acids have an important effect on oxidative stress-related diseases. The Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurologic disorder in which oxidative stress caused by free radicals is an important damage mechanism. The HD experimental model induced by quinolinic acid (QUIN) has been widely used to evaluate therapeutic effects of antioxidant compounds. The aim of this study was to test whether the fatty acid content in olive- or fish-oil-rich diet prevents against QUIN-related oxidative damage in rats. Rats were fed during 20 days with an olive- or a fish-oil-rich diet (15% w/w). Posterior to diet period, rats were striatally microinjected with QUIN (240 nmol/µl) or saline solution. Then, we evaluated the neurological damage, oxidative status, and gamma isoform of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) expression. Results showed that fatty acid-rich diet, mainly by fish oil, reduced circling behavior, prevented the fall in GABA levels, increased PPARγ expression, and prevented oxidative damage in striatal tissue. In addition none of the enriched diets exerted changes neither on triglycerides or cholesterol blood levels, nor or hepatic function. This study suggests that olive- and fish-oil-rich diets exert neuroprotective effects.

Customized Dietary Intervention Avoids Unintentional Weight Loss and Modulates Circulating miRNAs Footprint in Huntington's Disease

“…Overall, preintervention, detailed interviews elaborated by the nutritionist (Appendix 2, Supporting Information) revealed that patients had a low‐to‐moderate intake of macronutrients, thus coinciding with a 1989 study that reported a low fat and carbohydrates intake in HD‐patients . After an exhaustive review of guidelines and literature, the nutritionist followed the recommendation of 25–35 kcal kg –1 d –1 , deciding against the high calorie intake frequently recommended (3500–5000 kcal d –1 ), and including essential bioactive compounds . On that basis, a customized diet was designed for each participant, and adherence to these recommendations was high, with the exception of participant number 11, who was diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.…”

“…Specifically, in HD, the biochemical consequence of the disease was a decrease in GABA. Some foods with a high proportion of essential fatty acids (e.g., MUFA, PUFA) such as olive oil and fish oil, has been shown to prevent the reduction of GABA levels Cereals, legumes, nuts, meats, eggs, and fish are rich in branched chain amino acids (BCAAs).…”

An imaging mass spectrometry atlas of lipids in the human neurologically normal and Huntington’s disease caudate nucleus

“…Neuroprotective factors such as DHA mitigate oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes in the brain and substituting oxidised lipids, thus suppressing lipid peroxidation and the formation of protein adducts (Morales‐Martínez et al. 2017; Sarsilmaz et al. 2003; Songur et al.…”

“…Striatal lipid peroxidation is considered to be important in the pathogenesis of HD as it has been shown to parallel the progression of a neurologic dysfunction phenotype in transgenic R6/2 HD mice (Pérez-Severiano et al 2000). Neuroprotective factors such as DHA mitigate oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes in the brain and substituting oxidised lipids, thus suppressing lipid peroxidation and the formation of protein adducts (Morales-Martínez et al 2017;Sarsilmaz et al 2003;Songur et al 2004). As an example, the corresponding lipid mediators derived from DHA metabolism are the antiinflammatory and anti-apoptotic docosanoids (Naudí et al 2015).…”

Phytochemical treatments target kynurenine pathway induced oxidative stress

“…Rats on a fatty-acid-rich diet, from fish and olive oil, had reduced oxidative damage in the striatum, normal circling behaviour and increased GABA levels, when microinjected with quinolinic acid [37]. Thus, demonstrating the neuroprotective nature of fatty acid free-radical scavenging activity [37].…”