Essential Oil and Microelement Composition of Thymus citriodorus L. and Lippia citriodora H.B.K.

Kızıl, Süleyman; Tonçer, Özlem

doi:10.1515/cerce-2016-0018

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The maximum geraniol content (72.5 %) was observed before flowering, while the minimal content (54.2 %) was detected during the fruiting stages. In a study by Kizil et al, [82] 22 components were identified in EO of T. citriodorus, with trans-geraniol (31.06 %), trans-citral (14.05 %) and cis-geraniol (7.65 %) being the main components. The EO of T. pulegioides EO is predominantly composed of phenolics (38.5 %), thymol being the main component at 26.3 %.…”

Section: Phytochemicals Composition and Nutra-pharmaceutical Potentia...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Exploring the Biochemical and Nutra‐Pharmaceutical Prospects of Some Thymus Species – A Review

Anwar,

Mahrye,

Khan

et al. 2024

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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The Thymus genus includes various medicinal and aromatic species, cultivated worldwide for their unique medicinal and economic value. Besides, their conventional use as a culinary flavoring agent, Thymus species are well‐known for their diverse biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti‐fungal, anti‐bacterial, anti‐viral, anti‐tumor, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, and anti‐hypertensive properties. Hence, they are used in the treatment of fever, colds, and digestive and cardiovascular diseases. The pharmaceutical significance of Thymus plants is due to their high levels of bioactive components such as natural terpenoid phenol derivatives (p‐cymene, carvacrol, thymol, geraniol), flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids. This review examines the phytochemicals, biological properties, functional food and nutraceutical attributes of some important Thymus species, with a specific focus on their potential uses in the nutra‐pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, the review provides an insight into the mechanisms of biological activities of key phytochemicals of Thymus species exploring their potential for the development of novel natural drugs.

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Section: Phytochemicals Composition and Nutra-pharmaceutical Potentia...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Exploring the Biochemical and Nutra‐Pharmaceutical Prospects of Some Thymus Species – A Review

Anwar,

Mahrye,

Khan

et al. 2024

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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show abstract

“…In other studies, Bagdat et al (2011) reported that the essential oil content of T. citriodorus was identified between 1.30 and 1.43%. Kizil and Toncer (2013) determined that the essential oil content of lemon thyme was 0.9%. Table 1 shows the essential oil components obtained from three harvest stages of T. citriodorus and twenty one compounds identified are listed according to their retention indices were found in the oils (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oil Composition of Thymus × citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. at Different Harvest Stages

Tonçer

Karaman

Dıraz

et al. 2017

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Thymus is represented by 39 species (60 taxa) in Turkey and the rate of its endemism is 45% in Turkey. The herb is widely used for several purposes. Its essential oil compositions and biologically active substances are affected by the phenological stages. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the variations in the essential oil composition of Thymus × citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. growing in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey at different phenological stages (pre-flowering, full flowering, post flowering). The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried samples. The yields of oils (w/w %) at different phenological stages was respectively 2.0% at pre-flowering state, 1.9% at flowering stage, and 1.3% at post-flowering stage. T. × citriodorus was determined mainly by using GC/MS. A total of 21 compounds, representing 93.9% in the preflowering stage, 98.8% in the flowering stage and 98.91% in post-flowering of the total oil, were identified. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (terpinolene) and oxygenated monoterpenes (α-terpineol) were observed to have the highest percentage in T. × citriodorus oil. The major compounds of the oil were terpinolene, α-terpineol, linalool, bornyl acetate and borneol. The highest percentage of terpinolene was determined to be 71% in flowering stages.

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Allergenic components, biocides, and analysis techniques of some essential oils used in food products

Türkmenoğlu¹,

Özmen

2021

Journal of Food Science

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Nowadays, almost 300 essential oils (EOs) are commonly traded in the world market, with a prediction to be worth over $14 billion in 2024. EOs are natural preservatives for food products in order to reduce the activity of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore their use as an antioxidant or a preservative in foods has been encouraged. They are not only considered as antimicrobial or flavoring agents, but are also incorporated into food packaging materials. There are several types of EOs which have been approved as food additives by the Food and Drug Administration. Hence, it is important to use safe EO products to minimize possible adverse effect risks such as nausea, vomiting, necrosis, nephropathy, mucous membrane, and skin irritation. This review article gives information about some EOs that are used in the food industries and the types of some allergenic compounds and biocides which could make the EOs hazardous or may cause allergenic reactions in the human body. Besides, some analysis techniques of possible allergenic compounds or biocides in EOs were introduced and supported with the most relevant studies. The overall conclusion from the study is that pregnant women, patients taking drugs (e.g., diabetics) or the having a history of allergy are the most prone to be affected from EO allergenic components. As regards to biocides, organochlorine and organophosphorus types of pesticides that are carried over from the plant may be found mostly in EOs. The most common allergic reaction is skin sensitization and irritation if the EO components are oxidized during storage or transportation. Moreover, drug interactions are one of the other possible adverse effect. Hence, determination of biocides and possible allergenic component concentrations is an essential factor when they are used as a preservative or flavoring agent. The most prominent analysis techniques are gas and liquid chromatography because most of the allergens and biocides are mainly composed of volatile components. Practical Application Determining of the essential oil's content will be crucial if oils are used for food preservation or flavoring because they may have some hazardous effects, such as nausea, vomiting, necrosis and nephropathy. Therefore, after applying them to the food products, consumers (especially pregnant women) should be informed about their concentration levels and their possible adverse effects are taken into account when they are consumed over toxic limit. For this reason, we reviewed in our study that some allergenic components, biocides and toxic limits of EOs to be used in food products. In addition to this, recent analytical techniques have been explained and discussed which methods are suitable for analysis.

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Essential Oil and Microelement Composition of Thymus citriodorus L. and Lippia citriodora H.B.K.

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Exploring the Biochemical and Nutra‐Pharmaceutical Prospects of Some Thymus Species – A Review

Exploring the Biochemical and Nutra‐Pharmaceutical Prospects of Some Thymus Species – A Review

Essential Oil Composition of Thymus × citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. at Different Harvest Stages

Allergenic components, biocides, and analysis techniques of some essential oils used in food products

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