Essential Oil Composition of Rose Flowers from Karangpring Village Jember District Extracted by Distillation and Enfleurage

Abstract

Karangpring is one tourist destination villages in Jember district which is popular with beautiful large rose field areas. Therefore, this area grows to be a leading producer of rose flowers in Jember district. However, the bulky presence of these flowers made its price becomes lower in regular days. Local community only uses and sells these fresh flowers as the flower for funeral. The rose flower has a great potency to be explored as a source of rose essential oil production. To date, there is no previous research on studying rose flowers from Karangpring village for its potency on the essential oil production. In this research, rose flowers were subjected to be extracted of its essential oil using two extraction methods, distillation, and enfleurage. Hydrodistillation resulted two phases of distillates, above part formed a cloudy white phase as a normal essential oil extracted from plants, and the lower phase was an aqueous phase containing rose hydrosols. Both phases of these condensates were analyzed using GCMS. Data explained that above phase, with a yield oil of 0.07%, only contains long-chain hydrocarbons such as n-nonadecane, n-heptadecane, 9-nonadecene, and eicosane, while the lower phase only contains 2-phenylethyl alcohol. On the other hand, enfleurage of fresh rose flowers resulted in 0.06% oil yield. GCMS analysis of this oil shows that 2-phenylethyl alcohol, eugenol, and phenylacetic acid are three major compounds which take more than 85% of total rose absolute. The results show that enfleurage is a better method for extracting rose oil in better quality than using the distillation method, in term of the variety of volatile components. Meanwhile, hydrodistillation is still benefiting from producing rose water that is qualified as an industrial additive agent for food and cosmetic productions or even a new potent of agromedicine products. Keywords: rose, rose oil, rose water, rose absolute, distillation, enfleurage.

Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Gamma-Irradiated Mutants of Rose (Rosa hybrida)

“…Compared to previous reports, there were some differences in the chemical composition rates of rose oil. Oktavianawati et al reported that they detected only aliphatic hydrocarbons (100%) in three rose cultivars [ 13 ]. However, Babu et al reported that long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons including nonadecane, heptadecane, 9-eicosene, and docosane accounted for about 21.23% of the volatiles, while alcohols made up as much as 68.13% of the total oil in the Himalayas rose [ 32 ].…”

“…Rose products are in high demand throughout the world. In particular, rose essential oils have wide applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals [ 1 , 2 , 13 ]. Although there are about 18,000 rose cultivars, only a few of them are used for fragrance applications [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

“…In addition, the volatile compounds of rose are important substances in therapeutic applications because of a range of bioactivities. Rose flowers emit a strong fragrance, and various volatile compounds such as citronellol, geraniol, and nerol have been identified in rose flower extracts [ 2 , 13 , 15 , 16 , 18 ]. These volatile compounds were found to have diverse biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-parkinsonism activities; they can also decrease blood cholesterol and can be used as emollients and surfactants [ 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Analysis of Wound Healing Activity from Rose Petal Extract Ointment in Wistar Rats.

“…In addition, Oktavianawati also reported similar results that the yield value of roses obtained in Karangpring Village, Jember Regency was 0.06-0.07%. Even though the extract's yield value is higher than essential oil's yield value, the wound healing effect of rose flower extract was still quite good [23], [24].…”

In-vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Traditional Herb Rosa Centifolia L.

“…Rosa canina L. and Rosa damascene Mill. The genus Rosa (family Rosaceae) includes about 200 species spread in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern hemisphere [16,17]. Years ago the essential oils of roses were used in the field of cosmetology as perfumery due to their aromatic (strong) fragrance, and rose essential oils have repotted market worth.…”