Essential oil of Artemisia vestita exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity: Investigation of the effect of oil on biofilm formation, leakage of potassium ions and survival curve measurement

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil of Artemisia vestita and to determine the antibacterial activity of the essential oil and its two major components, grandisol and 1,8-cineole, against certain respiratory infection-causing bacterial strains, in vitro and in vivo. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A micro-well dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of the essential oil and its major constituents. A model of Streptococcus pyogenes infection in mice was used to determine its in vivo activities. Lung and blood samples were obtained to assess bacterial cell counts. Toxicity evaluation of the essential oil and its components was completed by performing biochemical analysis of the serum, particularly monitoring aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, urea and creatinine. The essential oil exhibited potent antibacterial activity, whereas the two major constituents were less potent. The essential oil exhibited MIC values between 20 and 80 μg/ml, while the values of the two constituents were between 130 and 200 μg/ml. Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrated that the essential oil inhibited biofilm formation and altered its architecture. Survival curves indicated that the essential oil led to a reduction in the viability of different bacteria. The essential oil also induced significant leakage of potassium ions from S. pyogenes. The essential oil (100 μg/mouse) and grandisol (135 μg/mouse) significantly reduced the number of viable bacterial cells in the lungs (P<0.01). However, intake of 100 μg/mouse of essential oil or grandisol 135 μg/mouse once or twice each day for 9 days did not produce any toxic effects in the mice. In conclusion, the in vitro and in vivo results suggested that the essential oil of A. vestita and one of its major constituents, grandisol, can significantly inhibit the growth of different bacterial strains.

Approach of utilizing Artemisia herbs to treat covid-19

“…This chemotrypsin -like protease cleaves the viral RNA-transcripted protein in eleven different sites (Biembrengut, De Souza, 2020;Kanhed et al, al., 2014). The induced phyto-therapy of the bronchitis might involve a bactericidal (Yang, Hu, Feng, 2015) and virucidal mechanisms (Arbab et al, 2017;Calderone et al, 1998;Efferth et al, 2008;Effert, 2018). In addition, the utilization of A. campestris by the two routes was almost safe and did not present any toxic feature.…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Naturally Occurring Phenols and Derivatives Against Biofilm and Planktonic Bacteria

“…Multocida, N. gonorrhoeae , MRSA, and several other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Several essential oils have also been shown to present antimicrobial properties against taxonomically diverse bacteria both in planktonic and biofilm assays (Filoche et al, 2005; Ceylan and Ugur, 2015; Snoussi et al, 2015; Yang et al, 2015). This includes a variety of phenolic essential oils that have been studied as therapeutic and antimicrobial agents, such as thymol ( 1a ), carvacrol ( 2a ), and eugenol ( 3a ) (Figure 1) which are plant metabolites (Juven et al, 1994; Shetty et al, 1996; Rasooli and Mirmostafa, 2003; Friedman, 2014; Marchese et al, 2017; Memar et al, 2017; Pinheiro et al, 2018).…”

Liquid and Vapor-Phase Activity of Artemisia annua Essential Oil against Pathogenic Malassezia spp.

“…The genus Artemisia (Asteraceae) includes many species that grow wild in southern Europe and Asia, which are characterized by the presence of potent antimicrobial EOs [8,9,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. In particular, Artemisia annua L., a species native to China, is now naturalized in many other countries, and is well known as the source of the unique sesquiterpene endoperoxide lactone artemisinin, used in the treatment of chloroquine-resistant and cerebral malaria, which contains an EO particularly rich in monoterpenes.…”