Essential Oils and Their Constituents: Xxvii. Composition of Oil of Gingergrass

Nigam, M. C.; Nigam, Ishwar C.; Levi, Leo

doi:10.1139/v65-067

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Formation of the latter three compounds was not observed in the present studies. The facile rearrangement of limonene oxide to alcohols and ketones is of biogenetic significance, since the epoxide has been identified in oil of gingergrass and may be the precursor of several related compounds occurring in this oil (7,11). Previous investigations showed that during cleavage of the oxirane ring of a-pinene oxide (7) the pinane carbon skeleton also ruptured leading to the formation of p-menthane derivaCan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils and their constituents. XLII. Isomerization of epoxides on active alumina

Nigam¹,

Levi²

1968

Can. J. Chem.

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When chromatographed on active alumina, epoxides isomerize yielding chiefly the corresponding α,β-unsaturated alcohols. Side reactions were observed in some cases. Limonene oxide yielded cis-1 (7), 8 p-menthadien-ol-2, cis- and trans-carveol, perillyl alcohol, trans-8p-menthene-diol-1,2, and cis- and trans-dihydrocarvone. α-Pinene oxide was converted to pinocarveol, cis- and trans-pinocamphone, campholenic aldehyde and an unidentified alcohol. Caryophyllene oxide yielded three isomeric unsaturated alcohols which were converted to a ketone of known structure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils and their constituents. XLII. Isomerization of epoxides on active alumina

Nigam¹,

Levi²

1968

Can. J. Chem.

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“…An additional effect of habitat may be that humidity increases the density of glandular hairs which may be sites of terpene synthesis ( F L~~c K , 1965). Commercially-available oils from Cymbopogon species (i. e. palmarosa, lemongrass, gingergrass and citronella oils inter alia) either fall into a ,geraniolC type containing acyclic monoterpenes (geraniol, citral, citronellol) or a ,menthane' class containing predominantly monocyclic monoterpenes (e. g. limonene, piperitone, menthone etc) and no geraniol (GUENTHER, 1950;GILDEMEISTER and HOFFMANN, 1956;BASLAS and BASLAS 1969;NIGAM and DATTA, 1973) and this dichotomy occurs in oils from other species that have been screened (GUENTHER, 1950;GILDENMEITER and HOFFMANN, 1956;NIGAM et al, 1965;DE VALE ~~~~;T E T E N Y I 1970;THAPPA et al, 1971;WIJESKERA, 1973). Except for reports of up to 6,0% elemol, caryophyllene and humulene in certain oils (TETENYI, 1970;WIJESEKERA, 1973) the sesquiterpene components d o not seem to have been characterised.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of the Sudanese Flora

Banthorpe¹,

Duprey²,

Hassan³

et al. 1976

Planta Med

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The yields and composition, but not the components, of the volatile oil of the Sudanese medical plant Cymbopogon proximus varied widely at different stages of development and in different habitats. The main components were piperitone (22 t o 88%), elemol (0.4 to 39%) and p-eudesmol(2 to 20%). In contrast, Cymbopogon excavatus, C. nervatus and C. commutatis yielded oils containing low ((6%) proportions of sesquiterpenes and piperitone; the main constituents were now unusual p-menthadien-01s (up to 89%j. Studies of uptake of carbon dioxide-[I4 C ] into the oil of C. proximus revealed significant incorporation of tracer into both mono-and sesqui-terpenoids in short term (ca 24 hr) periods of methabolism and indicated the suitability of the species for biosynthetic studies on elenzane and eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes. A brief discussion of the biogenesis and biological significance of these oils is appended. The genus Cy~nbopogon (fam. Gramineae) contains about 40 species mostly native to the old world tropics and constitutes an important proportion of savannah grass (JACKSON, 1893). Although (as in the closely related but larger Andropogon genus) taxonomic classification is often complicated by hybridisation and polyploidy, probably nine species are found in the Sudan (ANDREWS, 1956; WICKENS, 1968). C. proximus (A. RICH.) STAPF. is the most common of these and extracts (,,Maharaibu) are widely used in folk medicine for treatment of digestive ailments and as a flavouring. A commercial preparation is available and is claimed to show antispasmodic activity (MONEIM et al., 1969; AHMED et al., 1973) and to be a diuretic (AHMED et al., 1957) and an antihistamine (EL BORO-TOSSY and EL SAYED, 1960). We now report comprehensive analyses of the steam-volatile oils of C. proximus at different stages of development from different habitats, and compare these with the oils from Sudanese specimens of C. nervatus (HOCHST.) CHIOV., C. excavatus (HOCHST.) STAPF., and C. commutatis (STEUD.

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“…Oil of ginger grass was found to contain several previously unreported components, Zrans-p-menth-8-ene-l ,2-diol, cis-and trans-carveol, cis-and transdihydocarvone, piperitenone, limonene oxide, and an aromatic compound. The analysis was conducted by Nigam, Nigam, and Levi (438), using primarily gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy.…”

Section: Individualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils and related products

Guenther¹,

Gilbertson²,

Koenig³

1967

Anal. Chem.

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This11th review of analytical procedures for essential oils and related products covers Paper chromatography was used by Richter and Muscholl (515) to isolate linalool, geraniol, citronellol, and linalyl acetate from oils of lavender, lavandin, geranium, citronella, and melissa. The quantities of the isolates were estimated by colorimetry.Infrared spectroscopy was used by Vega Morales (687) to detect adulterants in the oils of lavender, peppermint, lemon, and orange.The application of ultraviolet spectroscopy was critically studied by Vernin (693). He stressed its importance in the elucidation of molecular structure. The technique was utilized by Koul and Nigam (322) for the quantitative determination of a number of components in various oils.

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Essential Oils and Their Constituents: Xxvii. Composition of Oil of Gingergrass

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Essential oils and their constituents. XLII. Isomerization of epoxides on active alumina

Essential oils and their constituents. XLII. Isomerization of epoxides on active alumina

Chemistry of the Sudanese Flora

Essential oils and related products

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