Essential oils of Lippia sidoides and Mentha piperita against monogenean parasites and their influence on the hematology of Nile tilapia

Abstract

This study evaluated the use of therapeutic baths containing essential oils of Lippia sidoides (pepper rosemary) and Mentha piperita (peppermint) on the hematological parameters of Nile tilapia parasitized by the monogeneans Cichlidogyrus tilapiae, Cichlidogyrus thurstonae, Cichlidogyrus halli, and Scutogyrus longicornis. A total of 320 juvenile fish were distributed into 16 tanks of capacity 100 L (20 fish per tank), divided into 4 treatments in quadruplicates: fish exposed to a bath of L. sidoides at 20 mg L −1 ; fish exposed to M. piperita at 40 mg L −1 ; fish exposed only to a water bath; and fish exposed to water + DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) bath. The fish were subjected to 3 baths for 10 min, at intervals of 24 h between treatments. After the third bath, parasitological and hematological analyses were performed. The parasite prevalence in fish treated with essential oils was seen to have decreased by 70%. The efficacy attained among fish treated with L. sidoides, in comparison with control water and water + DMSO, was 1.96% and 14.16%, respectively; and among fish treated with M. piperita, it was 33.33% and 41.63%, respectively. The total numbers of red blood cells (RBC) and thrombocytes were lower in fish treated with L. sidoides. Glucose concentration and neutrophil count were significantly higher in fish treated with L. sidoides. Because of the efficacy and positive hematological results, we suggest that baths of M. piperita at 40 mg L −1 should be used as anthelmintic action. Statement of relevance: Authors believe on the use of essential oils to treat ectoparasites of cultured fish and consequently no damages for hematological profile of Nile tilapia were found.

Mebendazole dietary supplementation controls Monogenoidea (Platyhelminthes: Dactylogyridae) and does not alter the physiology of the freshwater fish Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818)

“…Therapeutic bathes (Hashimoto et al, 2016;Malheiros et al, 2016;Soares et al, 2016) and medicated diet (Kim and Choi, 1998;Forwood et al, 2013;Militz et al, 2013) have been used to control monogenean infestations. The most used treatments for monogenean parasites are formalin, potassium permanganate, sodium chloride, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide (Kabata, 1985;Thatcher, 1991;Fajer-Ávila et al, 2003;Araújo et al, 2004;Bowker et al, 2012;Chagas et al, 2012;Farmer et al, 2013).…”

Induced aerocystitis and hemato-immunological parameters in Nile tilapia fed supplemented diet with essential oil of <i>Lippia alba</i>

“…In the gills of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum fed supplemented diet with essential oil of basil Ocimum gratissimum, a decrease in the number of monogeneans was related to an increase in the oil concentration in the diet (CHAGAS et al, 2012). Therapeutic baths with essential oil of peppermint Mentha pipperita at 40 mg/l -1 for 10 min reduced up to 41.63% the number of monogeneans in the gills of O. niloticus and no hematological alterations were found in treated fish (HASHIMOTO et al, 2016 (DOTTA et al, 2015). The uses of natural products have been highlighted in animal health due to bioactive substances that present good protection against microorganisms and parasites, and their pharmacological residues do not present risk to both environment and human health.…”

“…Beneficial effects of phytotherapics were compared in several studies especially antiparasitic, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory action (SOARES; TAVARES-DIAS, 2013;HASHIMOTO et al, 2016). For example, garlic Alllium sativum extract reduced 95% of the monogenean parasitism in P. mesopotamicus (MARTINS et al, 2002).…”

“…However, the use of phytotherapics as immune stimulant and against pathogens has been an environmental alternative (BULFON et al, 2015;HASHIMOTO et al, 2016) due to their rapid environmental degradation, low residue levels in the substrate and animals when applied correctly, low risks for human health, low cost and ease of use (SOARES; TAVARES-DIAS, 2013).…”

Effects of a nanoemulsion with Copaifera officinalis oleoresin against monogenean parasites of Colossoma macropomum: A Neotropical Serrasalmidae

“…Continuous monitoring is required for diagnosing and controlling parasitic infections within tambaqui aquaculture. The main substances that have been used for treatment and parasite control, even they have not been satisfactorily effective, are chemical products that are highly toxic to fish, humans and environment (Hashimoto et al, 2016;Soares et al, 2016). Thus, phytotherapeutic agents with bioactive properties, and their derivatives, have been assayed in vitro and in vivo, with the aim of finding better strategies for fish ectoparasites control in farmed fish (Boijink, Miranda, Chagas, Dairiki, & Inoue, 2015;Costa et al, 2017;Pandey, 2014;Soares et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2014).…”